1. Classifying Matter

2. Matter Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or a mixture. A pure substance can be further classified as an element a compound

3. Compound A compound is a pure substance that can be broken down into smaller pure substances by use of chemical energies. Compounds include things like ionic salts NaCl, HCl, NaHCO 3 molecules CH 4, C 6 H 12 O 6, C 6 H 6

4. Element An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller pure substances by use of chemical energies. Elements include things like Single elements Au, Ag, Cu molecular elements H 2, O 2, S 8

5. Mixture A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components. Based on the distribution of their components, a mixture can be classified as a heterogeneous mixture a homogenous mixture

6. Heterogeneous Mixture The components of a heterogeneous mixture are not distributed evenly throughout the mixture. For example chocolate chip cookie chicken noodle soup concrete oil and vinegar salad dressing

7. Homogeneous Mixture The components of a homogeneous mixture are distributed evenly throughout the mixture. For example oil vinegar stainless steel salt water

8. Phase Any part of a sample with uniform properties and composition can be called a phase. Homogeneous mixtures are, by definition, single phase mixtures. Heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more phases.

9. Separating Mixtures The differences in physical properties of the components of mixtures can be used to separate them. One method is by filtration. Separating coffee grounds from coffee when making coffee One method is by distillation. Separating water and salt in sea water Relies on the differences in boiling points

10. Summary Matter Pure SubstanceMixture ElementCompoundHomogeneousHeterogeneous single component many components can be broken down by chemical means cannot be broken down by chemical means even distribution of components uneven distribution of components