1. 6E5  Dispersion relation of dust acoustic waves in a DC glow discharge plasma Bob Merlino, Ross Fisher, Univ. Iowa Ed Thomas, Jr. Auburn Univ. Work supported by NSF and DOE 2007 Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference Albuquerque, NM

2. Dust acoustic waves (Rao, Shukla, Yu, Planet. Space. Sci. 38, 543, 1990) very low frequency (<<  p+, phase speed C sd << v +,th ) longitudinal compressional disturbances in a fluid-like dusty plasma the dust particles participate in the wave dynamics – it is a “dust wave” phase speed (dust acoustic speed)

3. Dust acoustic waves: fluid theory Dust dynamics Quasineutrality Electrons & Ions

4. Combining the dust momentum equation with the plasma equations we see that (for the case of cold dust, T d = 0). where P e + P + is the total pressure due to electrons and ions. In the dust acoustic wave the inertia is provided by the massive dust particles and the electrons and ions provide the restoring force

5. excitation of dust acoustic waves dust acoustic waves can be driven by an ion-dust streaming instability (Rosenberg, JVST A 14, 631, 1996) a relatively modest drift u o ~ v ith of the ions through the dust is sufficient for instability DAWs are spontaneously excited in dusty plasmas produced in gas discharges are observed visually by laser light scattering

6. dust acoustic dispersion relationship (T d ~ 0) Finite  D  effects:  K Effect of dust-gas collisions:  is the dust-neutral collision frequency acoustic modes (long wavelength)

7. Dust acoustic waves Measurement of the dispersion relationship of the dust acoustic wave Original Experiments A. Barkan, N. D’Angelo, and R. L. Merlino, Phys. Plasmas, 2, 3563 (1995). C. Thompson, A. Barkan, N. D’Angelo, and R. L. Merlino, Phys. Plasmas, 4, 2331 (1997). cm

8. New measurements of dust acoustic waves Over the past decade, numerous experimental and theoretical studies of DAW’s have been made. These studies have all been in the “linear” regime of the DAW dispersion. Goal of new studies: extend dispersion relation measurements to finite k D regime.

9. UI dusty plasma device 300 – 400 V ~ 1 mA B Ar, 50 -150 mtorr ANODE LASER DUST Parameters plasma density ~ 108 – 109 cm-3 Te ~ 2 – 3 eV, T+ ~ 0.025 eV Dust: kaolin powder -average dust radius ~ 1 micron average dust charge Z ~ – ( 1000 – 2000) dust density nd ~ 105 cm-3,  pd ~ 300 - 500 s -1 ANODE GLOW For current modulation

10. 60 cm dia. x 80 cm long vacuum vessel dc glow discharge plasmas (N 2, Ar) 50 - 100 G axial magnetic fields Dust acoustic waves are captured using a 30 fps digital camera Experiment at Univ. of Iowa, Fall, 2006

11. single frame video images of DAW 65 kHz 130 kHz Natural 39 kHz

12. video analysis About 100 images were analyzed for each frequency

13. dispersion relation (long wavelength) K (cm –1 )  (s –1 )

14. dispersion relation  short wavelengths  (s –1 ) K (cm –1 ) Td = 40 eV Td = 10 eV

15. Hot dust? J. Williams and E. Thomas, Jr. (IEEE TPS 35, 303, 2007) measured dust temperatures for dust embedded in a dc glow discharge Method- stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, determined T d in 3 directions Found T d ’s ~ tens of eV at comparable pressures as those used here

16. Weakly vs. strongly coupled? If dust were cold,  would be large and dust would be in strongly coupled state, which it isn’t.

17. summary DAWs were investigated in a dc glow discharge plasma DAWs appear spontaneously, but their frequency can be controlled by modulating the discharge current Frequencies up to ~ 200 Hz were studied to measure the DAW dispersion relation interference of spontaneously excited DAW and high frequency, imposed DAW was observed Comparison with theory requires that the dust is hot, with T d ~ 10s of eV.