1. The Ethnic Landscape Brokerage and Machine politics Transition to Function Based Power

2. Irish Jews Italians Poles

3. The ethnic network: Is it an ethnic trap? Arrival in Urban America  Journey to America  Famine  Beginning in 1840’s  Religion as community development  Politics viewed as a business venture

4.  Arrived after the Civil War  Competition with the Irish  Political relevance of Italian social structure (compadrasco)  Political ramifications of an ethnic business class  Organized crime & the melting pot

5. Recent conflict with Afro- Americans Philadelphia: Jewish Quarter  Migration – Central & Eastern Europe  Strong ideological bias Liberalism Socialism Anti-machine reformism  More middle class

6.  Arrived beginning in 1870’s  Especially numerous in Great Lake cities  Ethnic communities cohesive & strong  Late arrival placed them at bottom of ethnic totem pole  Disdain of intellectual class diminished their influence until closing decades of twentieth century

7.  Relationship of Ethnic Politics, Brokerage and Machine Politics  Significance of Ethnic Politics, Brokerage and Machine Politics Today  The Bias of Ethnic and Machine Politics

8.  Variation in the Midwest  More job oriented  Greater attention to issues  Examples  Chicago – Mayor Richard Daley  Kansas City – Pendergast Machine Kansas City: Midwest Urban Center

9.  Nature of Brokerage Politics  Ethnicity predominates  Leader of ethnic group acts a middleman  Nature of Machine Politics  Behind the scene bosses in control  Weak elected officials  Patronage central  Examples  Tammany Hall Model (Manhattan)  Republican machine in Philadelphia

10.  Impact of the frontier  Progressive Movement

11.  Ethnicity continues to trump party identification  Concern over Afro-American influence has blurred ethnic politics`

12.  Conservative bias  Bias against minority groups  Bias against systematic social policy making

13.  Organized labor  Church  Raises question as to whether new minority groups can develop ethnic institutions that contribute to upward mobility