1. Cell Structure and Function

2. KWL - The Cell What do you know? What do you want to know?
What have you learned?

3. Foldable Fold your piece of paper in half length wise.
You will need to cut the piece of paper like the model, so that you have enough slices for the following words:
Prokaryote, Eukaryote, Nucleus, Nuclear Envelope, Nucleolus, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Cytoskeleton, Cell Membrane, and Cell Wall

4. Human Epidermis – Animal cells

5. Staphylococcus epidermis

6. Cardiac (heart) Muscle

7. Stems

8. Leaves

9. Amoeba proteus

10. Root tip

11. What are some similarities and differences that you observed by looking at a variety of cells?

12. Explain: Cells

13. History of the cell
In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first to view cells from cork (dead plant material). He called them “cells” because they looked like tiny rooms.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw tiny living organisms in water in 1675.

14. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden determined that plants are made up of cells.
In 1839, Theodor Schwann determined that animals are made up of cells.
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells are produced from the division of existing cells.

15. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

16. Prokaryotes Usually small and simple
Genetic material (DNA) is not contained in a nucleus
The ONLY prokaryotes in the world are BACTERIA.

17. Prokaryotic Cells

18. Eukaryotes Usually larger and more complex than prokaryotes.
May be unicellular like an amoeba or multicellular like a plant
Contain dozens of specialized structures called organelles.
Includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.

19. Eukaryotic cell structure
Two major parts:
Nucleus
Cytoplasm-portion of the cell outside the nucleus

20. Eukaryotic cells
Diatoms (algae)
Root tip
Neuron
Uterine cells

21. Nucleus-The control center
Function:
Contains almost all of the cell’s DNA for coding proteins and other molecules.
DNA is found on chromosomes which contain genetic information.

22. Nucleus-The control center
Structure:
Surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear envelope. It is dotted with many pores (holes) to allow materials (RNA, proteins, etc) in and out of the nucleus.
Small internal region called a nucleolus where ribosomes are made.

23. Ribosomes Function: Structure: Site of protein assembly.
Small pieces of RNA and protein found throughout the cell.

24. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function:
Site where lipid parts of cell membrane are made, along with proteins and other materials to export from the cell.
Structure:
Rough ER- has ribosomes on surface to assemble proteins
Smooth ER-NO ribosomes on surface

25. Golgi Apparatus Function: Structure:
Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release from the cell. It puts the finishing touches on proteins.
Structure:
Stack of closely packed membranes

26. Lysosomes-The Clean Up Crew
Function:
Breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules to be used by the rest of the cell
Breakdown used up organelles
Get rid of all “stuff” in the cell
Structure:
Small, filled with enzymes

27. Vacuoles - Storage Function: Structure:
Stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Structure:
Sac-like
Plant cells have one large central vacuole
Animal cells have many small vacuoles

28. Mitochondria - Energy Function: Structure:
Convert chemical energy in food into materials easier for the cell to use.
Structure:
Enclosed by two membranes with the inner membrane folded up.
Contains it’s own DNA (unlike other organelles) that is identical to your mother’s!

29. Chloroplasts – Energy in Plants
Function:
Captures energy from the sun (solar energy) and changes it into food (chemical energy) for plants (photosynthesis)
Structure:
Surrounded by two membranes
Contains own genetic information like mitochondria
Contains green pigment called chlorophyll
Not found in animal cells!

30. Cytoskeleton- structure and support
Function:
Helps maintain cell shape
Helps with movement of the cell (i.e. flagella and cilia)
Structure:
Two types: microfilaments and microtubules

31. Cell Membrane Function: Structure:
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support
Structure:
Double membrane called a lipid bilayer
Flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings

32. Cell Wall Function: Structure:
Provides support and protection for the cell
Structure:
Lies outside the cell membrane
Found in plants, algae, fungi and many bacteria
NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!

33. KWL - The Cell: Your ticket out the door
What do you know?
What do you want to know?
What have you learned?
1. Circle information that you heard in today’s notes
2. Asterik (*) next to questions you had answered today
3. Add new information learned

34. On The Back Of Your Foldable
Please draw a Venn Diagram with one side labeled Prokaryotic and the other labeled Eukaryotic
What are the similarities
What are the differences

35. Homework Read Pages 169-182 7-1 Assessment Q 1,2,4 (Advanced)
7-1 Assessment Q 2,4,5 (Pre-AP)
7-2 Assessment Q 1,2,3,4 (Advanced)
7-2 Assessment Q 1,4,5 (Pre-AP)
Please read and answer all questions, there will be a quiz on this next time!