1. Midterm Review Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Application Layer
Chapter 3: Transport Layer
Chapter 4: Network Layer (up to 4.4)

2. Chapter 1: Introduction
Network edge: different types of access networks and communication links
Network core: packet switching, circuit switching, packet switching vs. circuit switching
Delay, loss and throughput: simple calculations using the 4 types of delay, bandwidth, link capacity, packet loss rate, and throughput
Protocol layers: rationale behind layering design, the Internet 5-layer protocol stack, difference between Internet and OSI protocol stacks, encapsulation

3. Chapter 2: Application Layer
Basic concepts: what’s involved in creating a network application, definition of process, client, server and socket, how to address a process, client-server and P2P paradigms
Transport layer services: what transport layer services are required by application layer, TCP vs. UDP services and their suitability for different applications
Protocols: comparative study of HTTP, FTP, and DNS (e.g., in-band/out-of-band, stateless/ stateful, pull/push), be able to describe how each protocol operates (using key components and their interactions), understand web caching, understand where to use SMTP, POP3 and IMAP for , understand the different level DNS servers, their interactions, different types of DNS records and how to insert a record into DNS, calculate file distribution time using client-server and P2P. You’re NOT required to memorize the message formats, commands and codes for these protocols

4. Chapter 3: Transport Layer
Basic concepts: what transport layer does (including services provided and not provided), definition of end-to-end connection and segment, transport vs. network layer, multiplexing and demultiplexing
UDP: services and uses, segment format, checksum calculation
Reliable data transfer: comparative study of stop-and-wait, go-back-N, selective repeat and TCP, their operations, pros and cons, performances.
TCP in detail: services and uses, segment format, definition and use of sequence #, ACK, time-out and duplicate ACKs (retransmission), sliding window, receive window (rwnd) and congestion window (cwnd), how to set time-out with RTT, when and how to perform retransmission, fast-retransmit, TCP flow control and TCP congestion control, understand SYN flooding and SYN cookies, understand general methods for congestion control (end-end vs. network-assisted, open-loop vs. close-loop)

5. Chapter 4: Network Layer
Basic concepts: network layer services, definition of datagram and host-to-host connection, routing and forwarding
Virtual circuit vs. datagram networks: their operations, offered services, pros and cons
IPv4 addressing and NAT: be able to determine CIDR subnet address, subnet mask, # bits needed for host and subnet portion, max. # hosts supported, range of host IP addresses, address aggregation, forwarding based on routing table, understand the use, operation, and limitation of NAT

6. Exercise Problem [Kurose-Chapter 3-P37] pp. 306
Answer: a) [1,6] & [23,26]
b) [6,16] & [17,22]
c) Triple duplicate ACK
d) Timeout
e) 32
f) 21
g) 13
h) 7th round (64th-96th packets are sent)
i) both are 4
j) ssthresh=21, cwnd=1
k) 52 ( )