1. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain TCP/IP Performance over Optical Networks

2. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Contents  Optical networks  Multiprotocol label switching  Optical switching  TCP Performance issues

3. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Optical Networks

4. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Evolution of Optical Networks  First optic transmission system in early 70s  Optical switching emerged in last few years  Coherent optical transmission based on DWDM system  Optical transparent networks  No optical to electrical conversion  All functions performed in optics

5. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain IP over DWDM  Overlay approach  Low efficiency  High costs for network management  IP over SONET  Carrying IP packets directly over SONET  Without SONET layer (PPP/HDLC)

6. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain IP over DWDM (Cont.)  Optical layer accessible through optical user network interface (O-UNI)  Provide enhanced optical connectivity  Isolates the DWDM resources  Integrated approach  Integrate IP control plane with the optical control plane  Functions of optical adaptation layer shifted into higher layers (similar to MPLS)

7. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain MPLS

8. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain MPLS  Connection-oriented (as opposed to IP)  Partition network layer function into two basic components:  Control: responsible for routing  Forwarding : responsible for processing packets  Optimize the utilization of network resources  Enable high speed processing

9. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain MP S  Integrate MPLS with all-optical networks  LSPs are mapped into wavelengths  Optical Cross-connects (OXC) wavelength routing switch  Creates point-to-point optical channels  OXC performing all MPLS-related functions.  Get forwarding information from wavelengths  Support a coarse granularity only in resource allocation

10. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Optical Switching

11. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Optical Burst Switching  A middle term solution towards all optical packet switching  Establish optical connections  Optical burst determination  Optical routing  Wavelength assignment  Resource reservation  End-to-end connection setup

12. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Optical Packet Switching  Optimize the exploitation of DWDM channels  All-optical packet switching  Further partitioning of the forwarding component  Forwarding algorithm  Switching function  Minimum electro-optical conversion  Packet label/header converted from optical to electrical  Payload is switched optically

13. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain TCP Performance Issues

14. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain DWDM Optical Router  Requirements:  Optical switching matrix  Forwarding algorithm able to cope with the speed of optics  Functional blocks  Input-output interfaces  Optical space switch  Delay line buffer  Electronic control

15. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Optical Packet Format  Suitable time interval (guard band)  Two proposals of packet format:  fixed length packet with slotted network operation  variable length packets with asynchronous network operation

16. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Congestion Resolution  Queuing  Time domain  Achieved by delay lines (coils of fibers)  Wavelength multiplexing  Wavelength domain  Wavelength circuit (WC)  Wavelength packet (WP)

17. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain TCP Performance over Optical Networks  Latency has significant impacts on TCP window evolution  Fixed latency with overlay approach and MP S  Variable latency with optical burst/packet switching

18. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain End-to-End Delay  Consists of three components  Interface delay GPacketization delay GTransmission delay  Node delay GHeader processing GSwitching matrix setup Gqueuing delay in fiber delay lines  Propagation delay

19. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Mapping TCP in Optical Packets  Why map TCP in optical packets  High data rate  Large bandwidth-delay product  Share an optical pipe among many TCP connections  Fill optical packets with TCP segments

20. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Optical Packet Design in TCP/IP Environment  Packetization efficiency  Optimal value increases as the time-out increases  Packetization Delay  The delay increase as the timeout increases  Congestion Window  Lower timeout value

21. Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Thanks! Questions?