1. MODIS Atmosphere Data Products and Science Results Steven Platnick 1,2 Michael D. King, 2 W. Paul Menzel, 3 Yoram J. Kaufman, 2 Steve Ackerman, 4 Didier Tanré, 5 and Bo-Cai Gao, 6 1 University of Maryland Baltimore County 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 3 NOAA/NESDIS, University of Wisconsin-Madison 4 University of Wisconsin-Madison 5 Université des Sciences et Technique de Lille 6 Naval Research Laboratory S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001

2. Outline MODIS atmosphere products Granule level (5 min.) product examples Global examples Summary S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS atmospheres

3. MODIS Atmosphere Products Pixel level products (Level 2) S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS atmospheres – cloud masking/detection (U. Wisc.) – clouds: optical, microphysical properties (GSFC); cloud-top properties (U. Wisc.); thin cirrus (NRL) – aerosols: land & ocean optical properties (GSFC, U. Lille) – clear sky: temperature, humidity, O 3 (U. Wisc.)

4. Gridded time-average products (Level 3) – daily, 8 day, monthly composites – 1˚ x 1˚ equal angle grid – mean, standard deviation, marginal and joint probability distributions MODIS atmospheres S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS Atmosphere Products, cont. Applications: climate change studies and modeling, numerical weather prediction (future sensors), fundamental research http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov

5. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Global mean radiative forcing of the climate system year 2000, relative to 1750 (IPCC assessment, Jan. 2001) Radiative forcing (W-m -2 ) Level of scientific understanding cooling warming

6. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Global mean radiative forcing of the climate system year 2000, relative to 1750 (IPCC assessment, Jan. 2001) Radiative forcing (W-m -2 ) Level of scientific understanding cooling warming

7. Assimilation & Numerical Weather Prediction S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 algorithms provide a heritage for Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) in coming decade NESDIS/NCEP studying real-time MODIS uses MODIS atmospheres complimentary data for other Terra/Aqua instruments, other missions (e.g., CloudSat ESSP mission, etc.) Other Applications

8. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS atmospheres Cloud Mask (S. Ackerman, R. Frey, et al. – U. Wisconsin CIMSS) 1 km nadir spatial resolution day & night, 250 m daytime 17 spectral bands (0.55-13.93 µm, incl. 1.38 µm) – 11 spectral tests (function of 5 ecosystems) – temporal consistency test over ocean, desert (nighttime) – spatial variability test over ocean 48 bits per pixel, including individual test results, processing path. Clear sky maps. input to land, ocean, rest of atmosphere algorithms

9. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Example of 1.38 µm band in cloud detection 19 April 2000, 0510 UTC true color composite (R: 0.66, G: 0.86, B: 0.46 µm)

10. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Example of 1.38 µm band in cloud detection 19 April 2000, 0510 UTC 1.38 µm band true color composite (R: 0.66, G: 0.86, B: 0.46 µm)

11. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Gobi desert dust storm 20 March 2001, 0255 UTC

12. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS atmospheres Cloud Top Properties (P. Menzel, L. Gumley, et al. – NOAA NESDIS, U. Wisc. CIMSS) Cloud top pressure, temperature, effective emissivity 5 km spatial resolution, day & night CO 2 Slicing technique (5 bands, 12.0-14.2 µm) – most accurate for high and mid-level clouds – technique previously applied to HIRS (NOAA POES, 20 km) MODIS 1 st satellite sensor capable of CO 2 slicing at high spatial resolution

13. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS atmospheres Cloud Optical, Microphysical Properties (M. D. King, S. Platnick, M. Gray, E. Moody, et al. – NASA GSFC, UMBC) Optical thickness, particle size (effective radius), water path, thermodynamic phase 1 km spatial resolution, daytime only, liquid water and ice clouds (using individual cloud mask tests) Land, ocean, desert, snow/sea ice surfaces Solar reflectance technique VIS- MWIR ( 0.65, 0.86, 1.2, 1.6, 2.1, 3.7 µm) MODIS 1 st satellite sensor with all useful SWIR, MWIR bands

14. MODIS SAFARI granule RGB composite 13 September 2000, 0925 UTC Namibia Etosha Pan Angola marine stratocumulus ER-2 ground track Namibia Angola Botswana South Africa Zambia S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001

15. (>99%) (>95%) (>66%) S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001

19. 100 550 700 850 1000 190 212 233 255 320 p c (mb) T c (K) 400 250 298 277 Cloud-top Pressure, Temperature

20. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Cloud Optical Thickness, Effective Radius 0 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 60 10 50 40 cc r e (µm)

21. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 ecosystem= MOD12 IGBP + USGS water + tundra classification surface albedo = ecosystem + MOD43 (Strahler, Schaaf, et al.) aggregation band 1 2 567

22. Uncorrected Image Cirrus Image (1.38 µm)Cirrus Corrected Image Correction of Imagery for Thin Cirrus (B.-C. Gao, P. Yang – NRL, UMBC) 2 September 2000 Canada S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001

23. Aerosol Optical, Microphysical Properties (Y. Kaufman, D. Tanré, L. Remer, A. Chu, et al. – NASA GSFC, U. Lille) 10 km spatial resolution, daytime Ocean: – spectral optical depth, effective radius, size distribution (fine, coarse mode contributions) – 0.55, 0.65, 0.86, 1.2, 1.6, 2.1 µm bands Land: – optical depth over dark pixels (vegetation) – uses correlation between visible (0.47, 0.65 µm) and 2.1 µm surface reflectance S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS atmospheres

24. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Gobi desert dust storm 20 March 2001, 0255 UTC

25. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Gobi desert dust storm 20 March 2001, 0255 UTC 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 aerosol optical depth

26. 2030 km 600 km 400 km Venice 2330 km 2.0 1.0 0.0 aerosol optical depth (0.55 µm) Ispra Continental to Regional Scale Pollution in Northern Italy S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 25 September 2000

27. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Aerosol Optical Depth, Effective Radius 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 0.1  a (0.55 µm) r e ( µm )

28. Total points = 315; excluding Venice, El Arenosillo sites 0.47 µm R = 0.91 R = 0.85 0.66 µm 040100206080 Chu et al., GRL, 2001 S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Land retrieval frequency (%) Global AERONET comparisons

29. S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 Moisture and temperature profiles, precipitable water, atmospheric stability indices (15 MWIR, IR bands) column ozone (9.6 µm band) 5 km spatial resolution (GOES 3x3 pix ~ 30 km min) Atmospheric moisture, temperature, ozone Atmospheric moisture, temperature, ozone (P. Menzel, L. Gumley – NOAA NESDIS, U. Wisconsin) 1 km spatial resolution (0.91, 0.94 µm water vapor bands) over clear sky land surface and clouds, uses correlation between NIR and 1.2 µm reflectance MODIS atmospheres Daytime precipitable water Daytime precipitable water (B.-C. Gao – NRL)

30. R: 0.65, G: 0.86, B: 0.46 April 12, 2000 Precipitable Water Vapor (cm) Atmospheric Water Vapor S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001

31. R: 0.65, G: 0.86, B: 0.46 11 May 2000 upper midwest Precipitable Water Vapor (mm) Atmospheric Water Vapor S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001 MODIS, 5 km GOES, ~ 40 km (U. Wisc., CIMSS)

32. MODIS Atmosphere Web site http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov –Images –Validation –News –Staff –References ATBDs Validation Plans Publications (pdf) –Tools Granule locator tools Spatial and dataset subsetting Visualization and analysis –Data products Format and content Grids and mapping Sample images Acquiring data S. Platnick, Director's Seminar/Earth Sciences Directorate Briefing, 21 May 2001

33. Summary MODIS atmospheres MODIS provides an unprecedented opportunity for atmospheric studies (36 spectral channels, high spatial resolution) comprehensive set of atmospheric algorithms archival of pixel level retrievals, global statistics validation activities are high priority (ground- based, in situ aircraft, other satellites) applications to climate studies, future weather satellite sensors/algorithms and assimilation