1. Energy Conservation and Public Policy

2. Scope 1 Emission Sources: fugitive emissions Stationary Combustion Mobile Combustion Process Emissions Fugitive Emissions – Fugitive emissions are emissions of gases or vapors from pressurized equipment due to leaks and other unintended or irregular releases of gases, mostly from industrial activities. As well as the economic cost of lost commodities, fugitive emissions contribute to air pollution and climate change. A detailed inventory of greenhouse gas emissions from upstream oil and gas activities in Canada for the year 2000 estimated that fugitive equipment leaks had a global warming potential equivalent to the release of 17 million metric tones of carbon dioxide, or 12 per cent of all greenhouse gases emitted by the sector.

3. Scope 1 continued Process Emissions: the cement example Stationary Combustion Mobile Combustion Process Emissions Fugitive Emissions A single industry accounts for around 5% of global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. It produces a material so ubiquitous it is nearly invisible: cement. Cement is the primary ingredient in concrete, which in turn forms the foundations and structures of the buildings we live and work in, and the roads and bridges we drive on. Concrete is the second most consumed substance on Earth after water. On average, each year, three tons of concrete are consumed by every person on the planet. Concrete is used globally to build buildings, bridges, roads, runways, sidewalks, and dams. Cement is indispensable for construction activity, so it is tightly linked to the global economy. Cement production is growing by 2.5% annually, and is expected to rise from 2.55 billion tons in 2006 to 3.7-4.4 billion tons by 2050.

4. Scope 1 continued: mobile combustion Stationary Combustion Mobile Combustion Process Emissions Fugitive Emissions

5. Stationary Combustion Mobile Combustion Process Emissions Fugitive Emissions