1. Krusenberg Herrgård 12 June 2007 L Nordh/Mats André Swedish Report to ILWS

2. 2 Swedish ILWS in short Swedish scientist are active in a range of ILWS-related studies, involving observations from both space and the ground (Eiscat). The studies address the following:  The Earth’s upper atmosphere  The Earth’s Ionosphere and Magnetosphere  The environments of solar system bodies  Space weather, including the Sun itself

3. SatelliteObjectiveOperation Viking Investigation of plasma physics and the auroral phenomena 1986-1987 Freja High-resolution measurements in the upper ionosphere and lower magnetosphere (co-operation: Germany) 1992-1996 Astrid-1 Investigation of near plasma with emphasis on neutral particle phenomena 1995 Astrid-2 High-resolution measurements of electrical and magnetic fields in the auroral region 1998/1999 Munin Equipped with instruments for auroral studies2000 Odin Combined astronomy and aeronomy mission (together with France, Canada and Finland) 2001 - … PRISMA Technology demonstration for Formation Flying. Tests also a MEMS-based particle detector. Together with France, Germany and Denmark 2008(9) PREMIER Proposal to ESA for studies of the Earth’s atmosphere. Assessment study on-going. Will, if successful, include a Swedish radiometer. UK PI. 2014 (?) -… The ”national” satellite programme

4. 4 ESA ”ILWS Satellites” with Swedish participation or interest In operation - Cassini/Huygens - Cluster and Double Star (IRF-U, IRF- K) - SOHO (IRF-Lund; space weather) - Mars Express (IRF- K) - Venus Express (IRF- K) - Rosetta (IRF- U, IRF- K; Uppsala Astronomy) Decided or planned - Bepi Colombo (MMO and MPO); IRF, KTH - Solar Orbiter (in-situ and remote sensing); IRF, KTH, Alba Nova Astronomy - SWARM (IRF-U) - ExoMars

5. 5 Other ”ILWS Satellites” with Swedish participation or interest Data analysis/in operation/on-going  Interball  Polar  Hinode (IRF-Lund; space weather)  Chandrayaan – 1 (2008; IRF-K; Particles)  MMS (2013; IRF-U, KTH/Alfvén Laboratory; fields and waves)  UNAMSATMAI (late 2007; test of miniaturised plasma instruments on a Mexican-Russian nanosatellite; IRF, KTH) Planned or considered participation  SCOPE (Japan), together with Solar Orbiter  Solar Sentinels (together with Solar Orbiter)  Yinghou-1 and Phobos-Grunt (IRF-K; Mars studies)  SDO (IRF-Lund; space weather)

6. 6 ”ILWS missions” proposed for Cosmic Vision 2015-25 - Cross-Scale/SCOPE - TANDEM (Titan and Enceladus Mission) - MEMO (Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter) - EVE (European Venus Explorer) - A mission to Europa and the Jupiter system - PHOIBOS (Probing Heliospheric Origins with an Inner Bound) - WARP (Waves and Relativistic Particles) - IHP (Interstellar Heliopause Probe)

7. 7 Future ”Opportunity Missions” Small dedicated plasma science spacecraft For example, piggy-back to planet or moon

8. 8  Studies of: Star and planet building Ozone destruction and global warming through observations of trace gases  Participacting states Sweden, Finland, France and Canada  Instrument Radiometer (487-575 GHz; 119 GHz) and optical/IR spectrometer  In operation since 20 February 2001. ”Third-party ESA-mission since January 2007. An Aeronomy and Astronomy Mission

9. 9 Example of Odin results

10. 10 Cluster  2000/on-going  Electric fields and waves (IRF-Uppsala)  Temporal evolution of auroral electric fields (Marklund et al. Nature, 2001)

11. 11 Discovery of Alfvén vortecies (Sundkvist et al., Nature, 2005) Magnetic reconnection in turbulent plasma (Retinò et al., Nature Physics, 2007)

12. 12 Mars Express  2003/on-going  Charged and neutral particles (IRF-Kiruna) Small atmospheric outflow (Barabash et al. Science, 2006) Aurora on Mars (Lundin et al. Science, 2006) Atmospheric outflow (Lundin et al. Science, 2004)

13. 13 Venus Express  2005/on-going  Ions, electrons, and neutral particles (IRF-Kiruna)  Compositon of the escaping plasma (IRF-Kiruna)  Global structure of the interaction region ( 4 papers for PSS special issue) Before IMBAfter IMBAt PS

14. 14 Space Weather on VEX / MEX Solar flare in December 2006 observed at Venus and Mars (Futaana et al., 2007)

15. Rosetta OSIRIS -- UAO LAP -- IRF Uppsala ICA -- IRF Kiruna Rosetta

16. 16 Titan atmospheric outflow (Wahlund et al., Science, 2005) E-ring, dust-plasma, and astrophysical accretion discs Cassini  1997/2004 on-going  Plasma density and temp (IRF-Uppsala)