2. Definitions and templates for: Case Notes 1.2 Investigation Activity 1.2 Lesson 1.2 Suspect Profiling

3. Penicillium spp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Viral Types Escherichia coli O157:H7

4. Bacteria Single-cell microorganism with no clearly defined nucleus (prokaryote), capable of self-replication. Bacteria usually reproduce by one cell splitting in two. With ideal conditions they split every half hour. In 12 hours one cell could multiply into 33 million cells! Definition

5. Bacteria Bacteria can use most carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as sources of nutrients. Because of this you can find them nearly everywhere In air, soil, and water In intestines of animals and humans On raw meat, poultry, and seafood Definition

6. Bacteria can also be on Skins of fruits and vegetables Shells of nuts Insects and rodents Hand, skin, hair, and clothing of people Definition

7. Bacteria Some bacteria have the ability to form seed like structures that allows them to survive for longer periods of time under inhospitable conditions. This form is called a spore.

8. Definition Virus A piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein membrane. A virus cannot reproduce on its own. It must infect the cell of another living organism before it can replicate.

9. Fungi A kingdom of organisms that include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. Definition

10. Penicillium spp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Definition Two types of fungi commonly associated with food microbiology are Mold Yeast

11. Mold Multi-cellular, filamentous fungi that grow very quickly by asexual reproduction. Need little water. Do need the right temperature and level of oxygen to grow. Prefer room or higher temperatures. Definition

12. Yeast Unicellular fungi that usually go through cell division by budding. Although they are unicellular (single cell) organisms, yeasts commonly grow together in groups to break down sugar and starches. Yeasts require moist or wet environments. Definition

13. Parasite An organism that lives on or in another organism often at the expense of the host organism. Giardia on intestinal wall (Image by S. Wade) Pigs eating raw garbageRaw or inadequate cooking Definition

14. Case Notes 1.2

15. Investigation Activity 1.2

16. Investigation Activity 1.2 (cont.)

17. Escherichia coli O157:H7

18. Viral Types

19. Giardia lamblia

20. Penicillium spp.

21. Scanning Electron Micrograph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

22. National GAPs Program © 2007 Department of Food Science Department of Education Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 www.gaps.cornell.edu