1. Whole Number Operations and Their Properties

2. Commutative Property of Addition and Multiplication Addition and Multiplication are commutative: switching the order of two numbers being added or multiplied does not change the result. When adding numbers, it doesn't matter which number comes first, the sum will be the same. Another way to look at it is, buying two things in different order still will cost the same. Examples: 100 + 8 = 8 + 100 100 × 8 = 8 × 100

3. Associative Property Addition and multiplication are associative: the order that numbers are grouped in addition and multiplication does not affect the result. Examples: (2 + 10) + 6 = 2 + (10 + 6) = 18 2 × (10 × 6) = (2 × 10) × 6 =120

4. Distributive Property The Distributive Property is an algebra property which is used to multiply a single term and two or more terms inside a set of parentheses. Examples: 10 × (50 + 3) = (10 × 50) + (10 × 3) 3 × (12+99) = (3 × 12) + (3 × 99)

5. The Zero Property of Addition Adding 0 to a number leaves it unchanged. We call 0 the additive identity. Example: 88 + 0 = 88

6. The Zero Property of Multiplication Multiplying any number by 0 gives 0. Example: 88 × 0 = 0 0 × 1003 = 0

7. The Multiplicative Identity We call 1 the multiplicative identity. Multiplying any number by 1 leaves the number unchanged. Example: 88 × 1 = 88

8. AdditiveInverse Property The additive inverse of a number is the number’s opposite. Ex: 5 + -5 = 0 In this example -5 is the additive inverse of 5.

9. Multiplicative Inverse Property The multiplicative inverse of a number is the reciprocal of the number. Ex: 3 · 1/3 = 1 In this example, notice that the product of a number and it’s multiplicative inverse is always 1.

10. Closure Property A set of numbers is closed under an operation if the result of the operation on any two numbers in the set is also a number in the set.