1. Grazie per aver scelto di utilizzare a scopo didattico questo materiale delle Guidelines 2011 libra. Le ricordiamo che questo materiale è di proprietà dell’autore e fornito come supporto didattico per uso personale.

2. The prevalenceofasthma and COPD in Italy M. Cazzola, E. Puxeddu, G. Bettoncelli, L. Novelli, A. Segreti, C. Cricelli, L. Calzetta - Respiratory Medicine (2011)

7. Prevalence of comorbidities in the general population and in asthmatic patients

8. Odds ratios and 95% confidence limits of comorbidities in asthma according to sex. p<0.05 vs. general population

9. Odds ratios and 95% confidence limits of comorbidities in asthma according to age. p<0.05 vs. general population

11. Asthma and ComorbidMedicalIllnessMarioCazzola a,b, Luigino Calzetta a, Germano Bettoncelli c, Lucia Novelli a, Claudio Cricelli c, Paola Rogliani a (ERJ 2010) RESULTS: Apparently, asthma was a weak risk factor for cardiovascular and hypertensive diseases. Intriguingly, the OR of acute or old myocardial infarction was 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.91). Asthma was a weak risk factor also of depression, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, osteoporosis, and rhinosinusitis. On the contrary, it was an important risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease and, mainly, allergic rhinitis. Age did not influence the risk of asthma-induced comorbidities whereas gender had a different impact according to the specific comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that asthma is a risk factor for these comorbid conditions

12. Figure 1 – People with and without COPD who reported cardiovascular comorbidities, by age group and gender (% of the examined population). Without COPD: solid square: total; solid circle:men; solid triangles: women. With COPD: open square: total;open circle:men;open triangles: women. Prevalence of Comorbidities in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cazzola MCazzola M, Bettoncelli G, Sessa E, Cricelli C, Biscione G. Respiration. 2010 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of printBettoncelli GSessa ECricelli CBiscione G

13. Prevalence of Comorbidities in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cazzola MCazzola M, Bettoncelli G, Sessa E, Cricelli C, Biscione G. Respiration. 2010 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]Bettoncelli GSessa ECricelli CBiscione G Figure 2 – People with and without COPD who reported other selected comorbidities, by age group and gender (% of the examined population). Without COPD: solid square: total; solid circle:men; solid triangles: women.With COPD: open square: total; open circle:men;open triangles: women.

15. Boyd CM, Darer J, Boult C, et al. Clinicalpractice guidelines and quality of care for older patients with multiple comorbid diseases: implications for pay for performance. JAMA 2005; 294: 716-24

17. Prescriptions of drugsforobstructiveairwaydiseases (ATC code R03).

18. Drug prescription for asthma and COPD by general practitioners in Italy: is it changing in a very short time? Mario Cazzola 1, Andrea Segreti 1, Germano Bettoncelli 2, Luigino Calzetta 1, Claudio Cricelli 2, Franco Pasqua 3, Paola Rogliani 1 PCRJ 2011 Compared to 2006, in 2008 there were increased prescriptions of ß 2 -agonist/inhaled corticosteroid fixed combination in asthma but only 54.5% of all prescriptions included an inhaled corticosteroid. This could explain the largeuseofshort-acting ß 2 -agonists, a marker of poor asthma control. Remarkably, ß 2 - agonist/inhaled corticosteroid fixed combinations were prescribed more frequently in COPD than in asthma. Our data indicate that adherence to guidelines is still low and patients with asthma and COPD are undertreatedby Italian GPs, with a trend to a change mainly in COPD likely driven by new scientific information

20. Changes in prescriptions of drugs forobstructiveairwaydiseases (ATC code R03) in COPD between 2006 and 2008. For each group of drugs, the % of prescriptions considering the total number of prescriptions for that group and year is reported. ICSs, inhaled corticosteroids