1. Introduction to Computing Slides By ADEELA MUSTAFA

2. NETWORK A Network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of computer networks. Protocol The protocol defines a common set of rules that computers on the network use to communicate. Local Area Network (LAN) A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is restricted to smaller physical areas e.g. a local office, school, or house. Approximately all current LANs whether wired or wireless are based on Ethernet.

3. NETWORK Local Area Network’ data transfer speeds are higher than WAN and MAN that can extend to a 10.0 Mbps and 1.0 Gbps. The IEEE 802.11 standard used for this purpose. Wide Area Network (WAN) Wide Area Network is a computer network that covers relatively larger geographical area such as a state, province or country. In ‘Wide Area Network’, Computers are connected through public networks, such as the telephone systems, fiber-optic cables, and satellite links. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) which connects the LAN of the organization to the internet. The Internet, also called the Net, is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

4. NETWORK Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that connects two or more computers, communicating devices or networks in a single network that has geographic area larger than that covered by even a large ‘Local Area Network’ but smaller than the region covered by a ‘Wide Area Network’. MANs are mostly built for cities or towns to provide a high data connection and usually owned by a single large organization. The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) IEEE 802.6 standard for data communication. Networks can extend up to 100km-160km and operate at speeds of 44 to 155Mbps.

5. Internet Protocol Address(IP Address) An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device, computer, printer participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

6. Internet Protocol Address(IP Address)

7. Dynamic and Static IP Address When a device is assigned a Static IP address, it does not change. The device always has the same IP address. Most devices use dynamic IP addresses, which are assigned by the network when they connect. These IP addresses are temporary, and can change over time. PC Modem Server

8. Internet Protocol Address(IP Address) IP Address Classes & Range

9. Internet Protocol Address(IP Address) Public IP Address A public IP address is the address that is assigned to a computing device to allow direct access over the Internet. A web server, email server and any server device directly accessible from the Internet are candidate for a public IP address. A public IP address is globally unique, and can only be assigned to an unique device. Private IP Address A private IP address is the address space allocated by InterNIC to allow organizations to create their own private network. There are three IP blocks (1 class A, 1 class B and 1 class C) reserved for a private use. The computers, tablets and smartphones sitting behind your home, and the personal

10. Internet Protocol Address(IP Address) computers within an organizations are usually assigned private IP addresses. A network printer residing in your home is assigned a private address so that only your family can print to your local printer. IP Range

11. Internet Protocol Address(IP Address)

12. Network ID 1.0.0.0, 192.168.1.0 Broadcast ID 1.255.255.255, 192.168.1.255

14. IPv4 NO MORE Solution Network Address Translation (NAT) Private IP  Public IP

15. IPv4 NO MORE Solution IPv6 3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b 64-bits Network64-bits Host Cluster

16. Network Devices RouterSwitch

20. THE OSI MODEL Open System Interconnection / 1984 Monitoring the behavior / performance of the running network. 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical

21. Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model The OSI model describes how data flows from one computer, through a network to another computer The OSI model divides the tasks involved with moving information between networked computers into 7 smaller, more manageable sub-task. A task is then assigned to each of the seven OSI layers. Each layer is reasonably self-contained so that the tasks assigned to each layer can be implemented independently.

22. THE OSI MODEL

25. Data Flow Through a Network

26. End Thank You All (have a nice day)