1. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reservedStrangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

2. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved What do you think is the state of Black – White relations in America today? Where do you think we have seen improvements? Where do you think we are lagging?

3. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIAL INDICATORS OF BLACK PROGRESS Since 1960, the percentage gap between blacks and whites completing four years of high school or beyond has lessened

4. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

5. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

6. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

7. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved FIGURE 10.3 Social Indicators About Black Americans (in percentages) (cont.)

8. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved ?

9. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIOHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE “For blacks, 200 years of master-slave relations did much more than prevent their assimilation; they shaped values and attitudes about the two races that are still visible today” The problem with racism is two-fold: its legacy and its subtlety http://www.salon.com/2012/11/16/kids_hate_tweet_obama_echoing_what_they_hear_at_home/

10. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved INSTITUTIONALIZED RACISM Institutionalized racism occurs when laws attempt to legitimize differential racial treatment Can you see evidence of this in society?

11. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved INSTITUTIONALIZED RACISM Between 1901 and 1910 most southern states passed multiple, activity-specific Jim Crow laws The segregation laws, mostly from the 20 th century, reflected attitudes that remained strong throughout the South decades after slavery had ended

12. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved DESEGREGATION: THE FIRST PHASE Several court cases challenged school segregation laws In 1954 the U.S Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was not constitutional In 1955 Rosa Parks refused to relinquish her seat on a bus and was arrested

13. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved DESEGREGATION: THE FIRST PHASE In 1957, under presidential orders to enforce court-mandated school integration, Federal troops escort black students to high school in Arkansas Dejure Segregation Defacto Segregation

14. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved DESEGREGATION: THE SECOND PHASE The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most far-reaching legislation against racial discrimination ever passed

15. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved URBAN UNREST The 1960s Riots In the summer of 1964 blacks rioted in Harlem, Rochester, and Philadelphia In 1967 there were riots in Newark and Detroit Factors that contributed to the cooling of black urban violence  A new social movement protesting the war in Vietnam  Many black leaders were assassinated or imprisoned, or went into exile  Many blacks redirected their energies toward community self- help programs

16. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

17. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved URBAN UNREST The 1980 Miami Riots Black economic frustrations and resentment against the growing Cuban community, sparked by an all-white jury’s acquittal of four white police officers accused of bludgeoning a black man to death, set off three days of riots The 1992 Los Angeles Riot Five days of rioting erupted after a jury acquitted four white city police officers of criminal wrongdoing in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King

18. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

19. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THE BELL-CURVE DEBATE In 1994 The Bell Curve by Herrnstein and Murray argued that intelligence is the best single explanation of wealth, poverty, and social status Critics attacked the book for its selective use of data to fit a political agenda, for its factual contradictions, its methodology, and its analytical techniques

20. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

21. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIAL INDICATORS OF BLACK PROGRESS The 2008 median family income was $55,530 for non-Hispanic whites and $34,328 for blacks The average black family earned 61.8 cents for every $1 the average white family earned, the slippage from 2000 partly caused by an economic downturn and lower earnings by new black immigrants

22. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

23. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIAL INDICATORS OF BLACK PROGRESS Although African American representation in managerial, professional, technical, and white-collar occupations has grown slowly but steadily, significant differences remain

24. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved SOCIAL INDICATORS OF BLACK PROGRESS Racial discrimination has continued to affect urban neighborhoods and population distribution Redlining Residential segregation

25. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

26. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved RACE OR CLASS? Despite economic gains made by many African Americans, nearly one in four remains in poverty This has caused bipolarization within the black community After the Civil Rights movement, a new black middle class emerged

27. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved AFRICAN AND AFRO-CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANTS Recent black immigrants from Africa are culturally distinct, not only from the two former groups but also from one another, when they have different countries of origins Afro-Caribbean Americans  Haitians and Jamaicans African-born Americans  Cape Verdean Americans and Nigerian Americans

28. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

29. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

30. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved BLACK AMERICAN ASSIMILATION Today’s first generation black Americans illustrate many of the everyday ethnic realities and patterns of other immigrant groups Black American culture remains a resilient component of U.S. society, despite the high level of cultural assimilation among most native-born blacks

31. Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved BLACK AMERICAN ASSIMILATION Marital assimilation (intermarriage) remains lowest among black Americans in comparison to other racial groups