2. Performance/Scalability with JDBC, UCP & Oracle Database 12c
Nirmala Sundarappa
Principal Product Manager
&
Douglas Surber
Consulting Member Technical Staff
Oracle JDBC & UCP
October 2nd, 2014
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4. Program Agenda 1
Connections Hard and Soft Parses LOB Operations Result Set Cache Array Operations/Stored Procedures Questions 2 3 4 5 6

5. Program Agenda 1
Connections Hard and Soft Parses LOB Operations Result Set Cache Array Operations/Stored Procedures Questions

6. Calls for a Connection Strategy
Creating a DB connection is an expensive database operation
Spawn O/S process, network connection, several roundtrips
Associated database authentication and session creation
Database Connections are expensive to tear down!
Repeated Connection/Disconnection can be a huge scaling issue
Calls for a Connection Strategy

7. Connection Management Strategy
Client Side Connection Pool; Frequent short term connection usage
Use Universal Connection Pool (UCP)
Very large scale deployment
Use Database Resident Connection Pool
Single Instance and multiple databases
Use Multi-tenant Database
Multiple instances, single database scenario
RAC Architecture

8. Planned Maintenance Development Steps
Universal Connection Pool (UCP)
Most convenient and works with most of the application containers such as Weblogic, Tomcat, Websphere, JBOSS etc.,
Built-in Failover mechanisms which makes it easier to use with RAC, RAC one etc.,
PoolDataSource pds = PoolDataSourceFactory.getPoolDataSource(); … Connection conn = pds.getConnection();
Set the below UCP properties for better performance
(1) Each 12c DB transaction is associated with a logical transaction ID (LTXID)
(2) The main and only purpose of LTXIDs is to help make a reliable determination of the outcome of the last COMMIT statement (see Transaction Guard)
(3) LTXIDs are issued by the RDBMS at the beginning of each transaction and changed only by when the transaction is committed or rolled back.
UCP Properties
Description
setInitialPoolSize(), setMinPoolSize(), setMaxPoolSize()
Set the Pool size based on your application
setTimeToLiveConnectionTimeout() , setAbandonConnectionTimeout()
Set the Connection Timeout appropriately
setMaxStatements()
Enable Statement Caching

9. Very Large Scale Deployment Database Resident Connection Pool (DRCP)
Problem to Solve: eCommerce-style deployment => thousands of mid- tiers, each with it’s own client-side pool
Database Resident Connection Pool (DRCP)
Thousands of clients requiring database server session for a short period of time
Applications mostly have same DB credentials & have identical session settings
Specify (SERVER=POOLED) in short URL to enable DRCP
Example:
Overwhlem the database
Only 5 – 10% connbections in use => waste of memory and system resources

10. RAC for Scalability RAC, RAC one customers
New
Retry while service is unavailable
alias = (DESCRIPTION_LIST= (LOAD_BALANCE=off) (FAILOVER=on) (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=90)(TRANSPORT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=10)(RETRY_COUNT=10)(RETRY_DELAY=3) (ADDRESS_LIST= (LOAD_BALANCE=on) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RAC-scan)(PORT=1521))) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=gold))) (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_TIMEOUT=90)(TRANSPORT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT=10)(RETRY_COUNT=10)(RETRY_DELAY=10) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST= DG-scan)(PORT=1521))) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=gold))))
Connect time Load Balancing
Safe for logon storms
Balance IP’s in Scan
Talk about Connect Time Load Balancing Vs Run time Load Balancing.
The above URL is for customers using RAC, RAC One etc.,
Talk about the LOAD_BALANCE = ON and how it does the load balancing between the cluster

11. Program Agenda
Connections Hard and Soft Parses LOB Operations Result Set Cache Array Operations/Stored Procedures Questions 2

12. Hard Parses About Hard Parse
Parse structure and Execution Plan is thrown out when the statement is closed
Problems to solve
Causes library cache latch contention
Causes shared pool contention
Causes scalability issues
Very bad on the server
Solution
Avoid Hard Parsing using Prepared Statement & Bind Variables
Reduces hard parses on the server
Reduces risk of SQL Injection: Potential Security issues.

13. Hard Parses An Example Instead of: Change to:
String query = "SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, SALARY FROM "+"EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID = " generateNumber(MIN_EMPLOYEE_ID, MAX_EMPLOYEE_ID); pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(query); rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
Change to:
String query = "SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, SALARY FROM "+"EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID = ?"; pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(query); pstmt.setInt(1, n); rs = pstmt.executeQuery();

14. Soft Parses About Soft Parse
Parse structure and Execution Plan are saved and re-used.
Session executes a statement that exists in shared pool
Creates session specific cursor context
Metadata processing
Problems to solve
Though light weight, can take more time
Solution
Enable Statement caching
oracleDataSource.setImplicit CachingEnabled(true)
Choose the correct cache size to best utilize the memory
connection.setStatementCac heSize(10);

15. Program Agenda
Connections Hard and Soft Parses LOB Operations Result Set Cache Array Operations/Stored Procedures Questions 3

16. Large Objects (LOBs) LOB API Data API
Recommended for offset based access
Use for large LOBs (MBs)
Data API
Handle LOBs like LONG or LONG RAW columns
Recommended for small LOBs
No extra roundtrips
Oracle Database 11g Improvements for LOBs
BASIC LOBs: Tune SDU & Use PreFetching
SECUREFILES LOBs: Vectored I/O (a.k.a. Zero Copy network transfer)

17. Program Agenda
Connections Hard and Soft Parses LOB Operations Result Set Cache Array Operations/Stored Procedures Questions 4

18. Result Set Caching
Shared across multiple connections from the same Data Source in the middle tier
Faster access to frequently queried data
Some of the benchmarks showed 3x improvement
Server side configuration to enable Result Set Caching
RESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE – Should be set to 0
RESULT_CACHE_REMOTE_EXPIRATION – Specifies expiration time (in minutes) for a result in the server result cache

19. Result Set Caching Problems to Solve
Avoid Wasteful Re-execution
Faster access to frequently queried data
Some of the benchmarks showed 3x improvement
Server side configuration to enable Result Set Caching
RESULT_CACHE_MAX_SIZE – Should be set to 0
RESULT_CACHE_REMOTE_EXPIRATION – Specifies expiration time (in minutes) for a result in the server result cache

20. Program Agenda
Connections Hard and Soft Parses LOB Operations Result Set Cache Array Operations/Stored Procedures Questions 5

21. Stored Procedures Best Practices
Bundle multiple SQL statements in one call
Use anonymous blocks or stored procedures
Eliminates roundtrips to database
Eliminates moving data between database and client
Can improve performance dramatically
Monitor roundtrips and bytes transferred stats
High values may indicate optimization opportunities
Oracle furnishes Java and PL/SQL Stored Procedures

22. Questions
Questions ???