1. DSN & SensorWare Projects Rockwell Science Center –Charles Chien UCLA –Mani Srivastava, Miodrag Potkonjak USC/ISI –Brian Schott, Bob Parker Virginia Tech –Mark Jones

2. Selected Research Activities Hybrid sensor network simulation platform –to study sensor network deployment, protocols, and applications at scale in a controlled setting Sensor network coverage and deployment algorithms –queries about sensor network status and guidance for network deployment Sensor node location discovery –when only a subset of nodes know their position via GPS or pre-placement Advanced sensor network GUI –topographical map interface for querying and network management

3. Demonstration Scenario Hybrid Simulator Sesnor Network Maintenance GUI (Simulator Control) User GUI + Coverage/Deployment Algorithms Real Nodes Simulated Nodes

4. Demonstration

5. SensorSim Simulator Goal: study sensor network deployment, protocols, and applications at scale in a controlled setting Three key capabilities –Hybrid simulation selected nodes in a simulation can be “real” nodes –currently supports MAC layer and higher in “real” nodes “real” applications can run on nodes in a simulation –Power modeling Energy consumer models: radio, CPU, sensors Energy source models: batteries –Sensor and target modeling Target, sensor channel, and sensor transducer characteristics Current implementation based on ns simulator

6. SensorSim Architecture Simulation Machine Gateway Machine ns modified event scheduler V R V V V GUI app R real sensor apps on virtual sensor nodes monitor and control hybrid network (local or remote) gateway Dll (RSC) socket comm serial comm HS Interface Ethernet RS232 Proxies for real sensor nodes GUI Interface

7. Sensor Node Model in SensorSim Node Function Model Network Layer Micro Sensor Node Applications Power Model (Energy Consumers and Providers) Battery Model Radio Model CPU Model Sensor #1 Model Sensor #2 Model MAC Layer Physical Layer Sensor Layer Physical Layer Wireless Channel Sensor Channel Network Protocol Stack Sensor Protocol Stack Middleware

8. Hybrid Simulation Advantages Use real target traffic, sensor transducers, and sensor channels, that are hard and often computationally expensive to model Validate protocol implementations on real nodes interacting with simulated protocols Validate interaction of real applications with simulated protocols or nodes Validate protocol and application implementations “at scale”

9. Sensor Network Coverage and Deployment Network management service: queries about sensor network to monitor status and guide future deployment Example: –How much coverage does the sensor network have? –What is the weakest path (maximal breach path) that the enemy can take? –Where should we deploy additional sensor nodes to fix the breach? –What is the path with maximum sensor coverage? –Which nodes are running low on energy? Approaches: –algorithm server –distributed algorithms

10. Sensor Node Location Discovery Terrestrial techniques for sensor nodes to discover their location –not all nodes may have functional GPS –GPS don’t work in dense urban settings Approach: multilateration from RF signals –distributed algorithm for successive multilateration –Part of neighbor discovery for network routing –problems: noise, malicious nodes