1. Sit Ins and Freedom Rides The Campaign Takes Off

2. Sit-ins Sit-ins were part of a SNCC campaign for civil rights. Black students had created the SNCC in April 1960 to organize and publicize sit-ins Their targets were lunch counters across the South SNCC - Student Non- violent Co-ordinating Committee They were a civil rights group

3. Greensboro, North Carolina 4 black students walked into a cafe on 1st Feb 1960 They sat in a ‘whites only’ part of the lunch counter They were refused service They returned the following day Feb 2nd, 1960 with protestors both black and white February 5th - estimations of more than 300 students involved in the sit-in

4. Non-violence at work 80 protestors were subjected to physical and verbal attacks but refused to react Once again —> national news coverage brought sympathy to the campaign By the end of 1960 —> 70,000 protestors had participated in a “sit in ”

5. Demonstrators were arrested and soon began to overwhelm the jails The campaign methods of civil obedience and non- violence was making news!

6. Video Review https://www.boundless.com/u-s- history/textbooks/boundless-u-s- history-textbook/the-sixties-1960-1969- 29/the-expansion-of-the-civil-rights- movement-220/sit-ins-and-freedom- rides-1221-9761/ As you watch this video you must add to your notes!

7. Impact and Successes *TV coverage highlighted the violent racist reaction of many southerners *Determination of demonstrators won them support *Summer 1960 - many lunch counters had been desegregated *Sit ins did not end all segregation across the South

8. Task Write a descriptive paragraph about the sit ins. You should include the following words: Sit-inPrejudiceNAACPnon-violent You will hand this in at the end of the period.

9. Video Clips https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbbcjn4d1c E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbbcjn4d1c E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75dhe5Zsy8 k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75dhe5Zsy8 k

10. Freedom Rides LO’s - I can answer exam style questions using specific details of the freedom rides SC: Detailed notes from video clips Organised notes from text LO’s - I can answer exam style questions using specific details of the freedom rides SC: Detailed notes from video clips Organised notes from text

11. What were the freedom rides? Key term: CORE (congress of racial equality) The freedom rides were a campaign to test a supreme court ruling saying that blacks could travel freely from one state to another. Media attention meant that the route was well known, and racist whites knew where they were, targeting the riders with physical violence and verbal abuse. The protestors remained non-violent throughout despite being harassed, beaten and their buses bombed. Key term: CORE (congress of racial equality) The freedom rides were a campaign to test a supreme court ruling saying that blacks could travel freely from one state to another. Media attention meant that the route was well known, and racist whites knew where they were, targeting the riders with physical violence and verbal abuse. The protestors remained non-violent throughout despite being harassed, beaten and their buses bombed.

12. - Government involvement- Many people asked the students to stop, including the Attorney General (Robert Kennedy). The FBI were sent to protect the riders and stop them, but they refused. MLK was asked to take part, and refused as it was deemed ‘too dangerous’. CORE was joined by the SNCC and both groups refused to stop until the Federal government forced all companies to desegregate their buses. - Government involvement- Many people asked the students to stop, including the Attorney General (Robert Kennedy). The FBI were sent to protect the riders and stop them, but they refused. MLK was asked to take part, and refused as it was deemed ‘too dangerous’. CORE was joined by the SNCC and both groups refused to stop until the Federal government forced all companies to desegregate their buses.

13. Objectives of the freedom rides Involvement of MLK within the campaign Examples of non-violence Examples of abuse towards freedom riders Day 11- Atlanta, Georgia Events of May 14th, 1961 Day 12- Birmingham, Alabama Events of May 15th, 1961 Day 13 - Nashville Tennessee - Events of May 16th, 1961 Day 14, Birmingham, Alabama - Events of May 17th, 1961 Impact of Freedom Rides Copy this chart into your jotter

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRlZFk8Lc3Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=av3r0PZ3d5E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRlZFk8Lc3Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=av3r0PZ3d5E VIDEO CLIP: Complete your chart while watching the video clip Use your textbook to add any additional information to your notes VIDEO CLIP: Complete your chart while watching the video clip Use your textbook to add any additional information to your notes

15. Describe the results of the sit-ins and Freedom Rides. (6 marks) * You must provide 6 valid reasons Describe the results of the sit-ins and Freedom Rides. (6 marks) * You must provide 6 valid reasons

16. Main campaigns up to 1964 1- Little Rock, Arkansas students integrate into school President sends 1000 US soldiers to protect the 9 students 2-Montgomery bus boycott, Alabama- 1st time that blacks show their economic power - demonstrated that non-violence could work 3- Sit-ins- Greensboro, N. Carolina - lunch counter desegregation came to an end 4- Freedom Rides- intended to test federal decisions to desegregate facilities on interstate highways -discovered that new anti-segregation laws were being ignored -buses were burned, passengers beaten, stuck to their non-violence ideas Main campaigns up to 1964 1- Little Rock, Arkansas students integrate into school President sends 1000 US soldiers to protect the 9 students 2-Montgomery bus boycott, Alabama- 1st time that blacks show their economic power - demonstrated that non-violence could work 3- Sit-ins- Greensboro, N. Carolina - lunch counter desegregation came to an end 4- Freedom Rides- intended to test federal decisions to desegregate facilities on interstate highways -discovered that new anti-segregation laws were being ignored -buses were burned, passengers beaten, stuck to their non-violence ideas

17. To what extent did the civil rights movement in the Southern states of America gain momentum during the 1950’s and 1960’s. You should write an 8 mark essay containing an introduction, 4 paragraphs and a conclusion making a judgement on which was the most important. Brown vs Education, Little Rock, “sit-ins” and the “freedom rides” You should write an 8 mark essay containing an introduction, 4 paragraphs and a conclusion making a judgement on which was the most important. Brown vs Education, Little Rock, “sit-ins” and the “freedom rides” 10 minutes revision 20 minutes to complete write up

18. “The freedom riders typified the contradiction within the civil rights movement. On the one hand it’s non- violent, doesn’t hit back when hit. On the other hand they’re really courting violence in order to attract publicity that will forward the cause….let’s hope that no one gets hurt, on the other hand suppose something does happen? Wouldn’t that in…an ironic way be good for us? Source A is from an interview with a former member of CORE How fully does Source A describe the aims of non-violent protest in the 1960’s?