1. Warm- Up: Unscramble each set of letters to reveal a forensic science term.
1. ginarvetosti
2. gpferinintr
3. dicanetc
4. ewtesynies
5. elektosn

2. The answers are ... 1. ginarvetosti INVESTIGATOR 2. gpferinintr
3. dicanetc
4. ewtesynies
5. elektosn
INVESTIGATOR
FINGERPRINT
ACCIDENT
EYEWITNESS
SKELETON

3. Objective
SWBAT analyze fingerprints.

4. Agenda Frontline Real CSI Fingerprint Detection
Fingerprint Classification
AFIS/FBI Article
Pre-Lab
Fingerprinting Lab
Exit Slip

5. Frontline Real CSI
7. Who makes a match of the fingerprints? How is this different than CSI on TV?
8. What happened in the study that Dr. Dror manipulated to study bias?
9. How has the FBI changed the way that they testify?
10. Why is evidence important?
11. What did the NAS report say about forensic science?
12. What type of analysis had a high percentage of false positives?
13. How was Brooks innocence proven?

6. Silver Nitrate For Porous surfaces
paper, wood, cloth, brass
Article sprayed, brushed or dipped with the solution
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
AgCl is photosensitive, turns dark brown in daylight or UV.
Blurs with time, recorded by photography

7. Superglue Fuming Cyanoacrylate ester (Super Glue)
Fuming by heat or NaOH in cabinet
Fuming wand for use at scene (inside a car)
Non-porous surfaces
metal, tape, leather, plastic
White prints appear in a few hours

8. Fluorescence Techniques
Argon-ion Lasers
Alternate Light Sources
Colored filters & goggles required
Natural fluorescence by components of perspiration and blood
Fluorescent powders
Fluorescent dyes
ninhydrin + ZnCl
Superglue + Rhodamine

9. Classification Systems
Once fingerprints are recorded, a system is required to describe and place them in logical order.
The most prominent system used before computer analysis was the Henry System created by Sir Edward Richard Henry and Azizul Haque in the late 19th century.
The Henry System is still included as part of many electronic systems and taught by the FBI.

10. Henry Classification System
The fingerprint records in this system are classified by broad characteristics.
This system reduces the effort needed to search through vast fingerprint collections.
All 10 fingers are put into groups of 2 with numerical weights assigned to each group

11. Henry Classification System
Thumb
R Index
R Middle
Ring
R Pinky
L Thumb
L Index
L Middle L
L Pinky
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Value if whorl is present 16

12. Henry Classification System
Each fingerprint is then analyzed.
If a whorl is present the value is recorded for that fingerprint.
If a whorl does not exist then zero is recorded for that fingerprint

13. Henry Classification System
Thumb
R Index
R Middle
Ring
R Pinky
L Thumb
L Index
L Middle L
L Pinky
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Value if whorl is present 16
Example No
Yes

14. Henry Classification System
Next, the Henry Classification Formula is used to find the grouping ratio.
The grouping ratio is a unique identifier for categorizing the particular type of fingerprint that the person has.

15. Henry Classification System
The Henry Classification Formula is:
The grouping ratio cannot be simplified. For example, 32/32 and 1/1 are both unique ratios.
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠+1 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠+1 =𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜

16. Henry Classification System
Thumb
R Index
R Middle
Ring
R Pinky
L Thumb
L Index
L Middle L
L Pinky
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Value if whorl is present 16
Example No
Yes
grouping ratio = = 3 26

17. Fingerprint Points
The individuality of a fingerprint is determined by a careful study of its ridge characteristics (points).
Specific traits found in friction ridges are used to establish an identification by their relative location to each other.
The average finger has between 75 and 175 points of identification.
The palmar area has over 2000 points of identification.

18. Types of Points

19. Matching Points
For two points to match they must be at the same location on the fingerprint be the same type.
At crime scenes only partial prints are usually recovered, therefore a small number of ridge characteristics may be compared.
16 matching characteristics have been suggested to establish the uniqueness of a print.

20. Fingerprint Records
Originally, fingerprint records were made with ink on paper cards.
Finger prints were rolled in ink and 4-finger and 2-thumb flat impressions were collected.
Cards can be scanned into modern databases.
The demand for improved systems and digital records has created a movement toward scanning to replace ink.

21. IAFIS
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification system (IAFIS) is used by the FBI to store digital prints.
It is the largest biometric database in the world, containing records for more than 100 million people.
When the automated process is finished the system generates a “hit” list
Possible matches then checked by expert
New original prints obtained for checking

22. What is included in IAFIS?
Each record may include:
Criminal history
Fingerprints
Mug shots
Scars and tattoos
Physical characteristics
height, weight, aliases, hair and eye color, race

23. Who submits data to IAFIS?
The system includes civil fingerprints, mostly of individuals who have served or are serving in the U.S. military or have been or are employed by the federal government.
The fingerprints and criminal history information are submitted voluntarily by state, local, and federal law enforcement agencies.
Employment background checks, some firearms purchases, and the US-VISIT program also provide information to the system.

24. FBI Article What is included in IAFIS? How big is it?
How fast does it work?
When did it start?

25. Fingerprinting Pre-Lab

27. Complete Lab 1 – Parts 1 & 2
If you have downtime, work on Classifying Fingerprints sheet

28. Homework
Finish Classifying Fingerprint sheet – due Wednesday

29. Exit Slip September 30, 2014
1. Get out a mobile device or use one of the computers and go to m.socrative.com. You can also use one of the iPads that has the Socrative app.
2. When prompted, enter for the room number.
QUESTION: What type of fingerprint did you have?