1. Goal 5.06A “The Civil Rights Struggle” I: Struggle for Rights A: Discrimination= unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group. B: Civil Rights= the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law

2. Civil Rights Struggle continued C: Segregation= the social separation of races.  1. Brown v. BOE of Topeka, Kansas (1954) a. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was unconstitutional. President Eisenhower enforces law. 2. Montgomery Bus Boycott a. in 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. 3. Peaceful protests a. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. believed in nonviolent resistance b. “sit-ins” at lunch counters (Greensboro, NC ) 4. Civil Rights Act of 1964 a. Prohibited discrimination in public facilities, employment, education, and voter registration.

3. D: Affirmative Action 1. Programs to try to make up for past discrimination. 2. encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and women in areas that were traditionally closed to them 3. Colleges practiced affirmative action in admitting students  Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) = The Supreme Court invalidated the medical school’s special admission program, but did not overturn all affirmative action programs  Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) =the Supreme Court struck down the University of Michigan point-based admission policy, stating it gave excessive points to minority applicants.