1. Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum By: Briana Betress

2. Native to: Europe, Asia, and North Africa First documented in 1942, confirmed in 45 states Introduced by Aquarium trade Spread mainly by boating activity as well as naturally Habitat: Lakes, Ponds, Shallow Reservoirs, Low flow river and stream areas, brackish waters of protected tidal creeks and bays. Especially abundant in areas of nutrient loading, intense plant management, or boat use. Submersed, rooted, perennial herb Whorled, finely divided leaves with leaflets in pairs of 14

3. Why Eurasian Watermilfoil is Problematic Ability to reproduce in fragments High growth rate in a range of temperatures Tolerant of a range of environmental conditions

4. National Distribution

5. Statewide Distribution

6. Control Methods Mechanical Several cuts may be needed- like mowing your lawn Dredging and rotavation can eliminate all plants Mechanical harvesters are effective but costly Chemical May need to be repeated every 1-4 years 2-4-D, used for dicots Bio Three taxa considered for use on Myriophyllum spicatum Acentria ephemerella Cricotopus myriophylli Euhrychiopsis lecontei

7. Biocontrols Pyralid Moth- Acentria ephemerella Consumes meristem, stem, and leaves. Unsure of host specificity Hydrilla tip mining midge- Cricotopus myriophylli Consumes meristem Problems with mass rearing, and funding has slowed research Milfoil Weevil- Euhrychiopsis lecontei Bores through stem, reducing buoyancy and carbohydrate storage capacity.

8. Biocontrol- Milfoil Weevil Euhrychiopsis lecontei 3mm in length Completes all life stages submersed Larvae are stem miners Insectivorous fish may be decreasing weevil populations Egg Larva Pupa Adult

9. library.umf.maine.edu/plagiarism/credit2.html Any Questions?

10. References http://www.forestryimages.org/images/384x256/0002004.jpg http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MYSP2 library.umf.maine.edu/plagiarism/credit2.html www.cnipm.org/images/Myriophyllum_spicatum.jpg http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/plants/docs/my_spica.html http://www.hear.org/Pier/images/myspi12.jpg http://fwcb.cfans.umn.edu/research/milfoil/milfoilbc/bcresearch.html http://www.rcweeds.org/Weed_List/IMAG045.JPG