1. Families of Elements
Predict properties

2. Alkali Metals – Group 1 Extremely reactive (not found free in nature)
Form stable ionic compounds
React with…
water to form a base
air to form oxides
acids to form salts
Usually reduce to their free state by electrolysis of their fused compounds

3. Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2
Reactive (not found free in nature)
Form stable ionic compounds
React with…
water to form a base
air to form oxides
acids to form salts
Usually reduce to their free state by electrolysis of their fused compounds

4. Nitrogen Family – Group 15
Members range from
typical nonmetals: N,P
through metalloids: As, Sb
to metals: Bi
Facts about NITROGEN
Relatively inactive at room temperature
Forms stable diatomic molecules with triple bond
Component of proteins
Forms unstable compounds used in explosives
Facts about PHOSPHOROUS
Component of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
More reactive than nitrogen at room temperature
Forms tetratomic molecules (P4); not diatomic

5. Oxygen Family – Group 16 Members range from
typical nonmetals: O,S
through metalloids: Se, Te
to metals: Po
All solids except for OXYGEN

6. Halogens (salt formers) – Group 17
Very reactive nonmetals
Not found free in nature
High electronegativity
Form diatomic molecules when free
React with metals to form salts
Tendency to form positive oxidation state increases with atomic number
Found in all three phases due to differences in Van der Waals (dispersive) forces.

7. Noble Gases – Group 18 Have a complete outer shell (octet)
Almost inert (not reactive)
Krypton, xenon, and radon form compounds with oxygen and fluorine

8. Transition Elements – Groups 3-12
Have positive oxidation states
Lose electrons from two outermost energy levels
Ions form colored solutions

9. Block Groups – Energy Orbitals

10. s orbitals

11. p orbitals

12. d orbitals

13. Electron Affinity