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Lecture #5: Sleep & Dreams Music:“Dreams” By the Cranberries By the Cranberries “California Dreaming” By the Mamas and Papas.

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Presentation on theme: "Lecture #5: Sleep & Dreams Music:“Dreams” By the Cranberries By the Cranberries “California Dreaming” By the Mamas and Papas."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Lecture #5: Sleep & Dreams Music:“Dreams” By the Cranberries By the Cranberries “California Dreaming” By the Mamas and Papas

3 Lecture #5: Agenda 1. Structure of Consciousness 1. Structure of Consciousness 2. Everyday Changes in Consciousness: 2. Everyday Changes in Consciousness: a) Circadian Rhythms a) Circadian Rhythms b) The Sleep Cycle b) The Sleep Cycle c) Sleep Deprivation c) Sleep Deprivation d) Tips for sleep success d) Tips for sleep success e) Content of Dreams e) Content of Dreams f) Theories of Dreams f) Theories of Dreams 3. Self-Guide to Dream Interpretation 3. Self-Guide to Dream Interpretation 4. Movie: “The Mind Hidden and Divided” 4. Movie: “The Mind Hidden and Divided”

4 2. Everyday Changes in Consciousness a) Circadian Rhythms a) Circadian Rhythms Biological clock governing cycles in bodily functions (e.g. wakefulness, metabolism, body temp. hormone secretion) Biological clock governing cycles in bodily functions (e.g. wakefulness, metabolism, body temp. hormone secretion) Originates in hypothalamus Originates in hypothalamus SCN stimulated by light sends signals to pineal gland SCN stimulated by light sends signals to pineal gland Leads to the secretion of melatonin Leads to the secretion of melatonin Jet Lag: Jet Lag: Interferes with your biological clock Interferes with your biological clock Flying West: phase-delay shifts/ much easier Flying West: phase-delay shifts/ much easier Flying East: phase-advance shifts/ harder Flying East: phase-advance shifts/ harder

5 p. 184

6 2. b) The Sleep Cycle 5 Stages: 5 Stages: Stage 1: Stage 1: Light sleep 1-7 min. (theta waves) Light sleep 1-7 min. (theta waves) Hypnic Jerks Hypnic Jerks Stage 2: Stage 2: 10-25 min. (sleep spindles) 10-25 min. (sleep spindles) May involve some dreaming May involve some dreaming Stages 3 & 4: Stages 3 & 4: 30 min. slow-wave sleep (delta waves) 30 min. slow-wave sleep (delta waves) Longer in the first part of the night Longer in the first part of the night When sleepwalking and night terrors occur When sleepwalking and night terrors occur Usually within the first 2 hours of sleep Usually within the first 2 hours of sleep Stage 5: REM sleep (beta waves) Stage 5: REM sleep (beta waves) Rapid eye movements & dreaming Rapid eye movements & dreaming Gets progressively longer in later part of the night Gets progressively longer in later part of the night

7 Fig. 5.5 & 5.11 in text

8 2. b) The sleep cycle (p. 196)

9 2. b) Stage 5: REM Sleep (cont’d)  REM= Rapid Eye Movement  When most dreams occur  About 20% of sleep time  Paradoxical:  Heart rate and arousal increase  Brain activity resembles alert state  Major muscle groups inhibited  See Application section for “lucid dreaming”

10 2. c) Sleep deprivation:  Impaired concentration and cognitive performance  Irritability  Immunity to disease  Misperceptions during monotonous tasks  Why we need sleep:  a) to conserve energy  b) for growth process & restoration of body tissue  c) to consolidate memory  d) to dream!

11 2. d) Tips for Sleep Success  1) Develop a consistent bedtime routine  Principles of conditioning  Train your body to know what to expect  2) Go to bed at the same time each night  You’ll feel more rested than using variable bedtimes  3) Wake up without an alarm clock  4) Avoid caffeine after 2 p.m.  5) Try going to bed earlier each night  To ensure you are getting enough sleep  6) No long naps during the day  Power nap no longer than 20 minutes during the day

12 2. e) Content of Dreams  Typical Dreams of Canadian University Students (p. 198)  Being chased or pursued, not injured (90%)  Sexual experiences  Falling  School, teachers, studying  Arriving too late  Being on the verge of falling  A person now alive as dead  Trying repeatedly to do something  Flying or soaring through the air  Vividly sensing a presence  Failing an examination  Physically attacked  Being frozen with fright (50%)  Inappropriately dressed  Seeing self as dead

13 2. f) Theories of Dreams Freud Freud “Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious” “Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious” Wish Fulfillment Theory: Wish Fulfillment Theory: Dreams express unconscious motives and wishes Dreams express unconscious motives and wishes Manifest & latent content Manifest & latent content Criticisms Criticisms

14 2. f) Theories of Dreams (cont’d) Problem-solving View: Problem-solving View: Dreams reflect an attempt to solve problems in waking-life Dreams reflect an attempt to solve problems in waking-life Activation-Synthesis Model: Activation-Synthesis Model: Biological view Biological view Dreams are the by-product of random neural firing from subcortical structures in the brain. Dreams are the by-product of random neural firing from subcortical structures in the brain.

15 Fig. 5.13, p. 200

16 3. Self-Guide to Dream Interpretation From Clara Hill (1996); For next week: From Clara Hill (1996); For next week: 1) Write your dream in the present tense 1) Write your dream in the present tense 2) Underline dream elements 2) Underline dream elements 3) Provide more description of the dream elements 3) Provide more description of the dream elements 4) Associate to dream elements 4) Associate to dream elements 5) Link to waking life 5) Link to waking life 6) Next week: Interpreting your dream 6) Next week: Interpreting your dream 7) & Making your dream work for you! 7) & Making your dream work for you!

17 Stick around for the tutorial…


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