1. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Montréal, Québec 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Montréal, Québec Canadian Institute of Actuaries Canadian Institute of Actuaries L’Institut canadien des actuaires L’Institut canadien des actuaires

2. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 PD 16 Other Stakeholders in ERM

3. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Speakers Donald Chu – Director, Financial Institutions Ratings, Standard & Poor’s James C. Baillie – Director and Chair, Risk Review Committee, Sun Life Financial Allan Brender – Special Advisor, Capital Division, OSFI

4. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 OSFI’s View of ERM

5. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Regulatory Influence on ERM Historically, ERM developed within the banking sector, primarily due to the effects of the Basel Accord OSFI encourages the development of ERM within the Canadian insurance sector

6. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 OSFI’s Mandate Supervise institutions and pension plans to determine whether they are in sound financial condition and meeting minimum plan funding requirements respectively, and are complying with their governing law and supervisory requirements; Promptly advise institutions and plans in the event there are material deficiencies and take or require management, boards or plan administrators to take necessary corrective measures expeditiously; Advance and administer a regulatory framework that promotes the adoption of policies and procedures designed to control and manage risk; Monitor and evaluate system-wide or sectoral issues that may impact institutions negatively.

7. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Some Principles in OSFI’s Supervisory Framework The level and frequency of supervisory scrutiny will depend upon the risk assessment of the institution. Institutions that are well managed relative to their risks will require less supervision. Not all areas within an institution need to be reviewed every year.

8. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Some Principles in OSFI’s Supervisory Framework Supervision will include reviews of major risk management control functions such as Financial Analysis, Compliance, Internal Audit, Risk Management, Senior Management and Board Oversight. OSFI’s supervisory process uses, where appropriate, the work of the institution’s internal management and control functions.

9. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Some Principles in OSFI’s Supervisory Framework …. The degree of intervention will be commensurate with the risk profile of the institution … Ratings will be provided to the institution after each on-site review …

10. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 ERM in OSFI’s Regulatory Framework The regulatory framework consists of the collection of regulations and guidance attached to the legislation that is administered by OSFI Many of these regulations and guidelines refer to an institution’s ERM

11. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 ERM and Capital ERM is a financial institution’s first line of defense –Manage and control risk; prevent trouble from happening Capital is an institution’s second line of defense –Hold sufficient financial resources to meet the costs of trouble when it develops

12. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 ERM and Capital A recent development in capital requirements is the introduction of advanced approaches more tailored to an institution’s specific circumstances –Basel II –MCCSR Advisory Committee (MAC) –Solvency II

13. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 ERM and Capital When would a regulator agree to the introduction methods for the determination of required capital that are likely to lead to reductions in required capital? ANSWER: When the institution has a strong ERM culture and program that reduces the likelihood of difficulties occurring and controls their costs

14. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Internal Models and Capital Requirements Current requirements with respect to banks’ trading blocks and segregated fund guarantees are prototypes Risk management Board resolutions and reporting Model approvals Use test

15. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Hedging Hedging of financial risks can be a significant component of ERM –OSFI encourages hedging Recognition of hedging in capital requirements –As opposed to banking, the term of risks in insurance often exceeds the term of available hedging instruments –Recognition must be for a hedging policy and not just for hedges in place –The regulator needs assurance the institution will implement its hedging policy appropriately

16. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 Do Institutions Properly Recognize their Risks? Credit derivatives CMOs Asset Backed Commercial Paper Securitized instruments Reliance only on “credit” ratings may be insufficient

17. 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 2007 General Meeting Assemblée générale 2007 The Bottom Line The primary component of OSFI’s mandate is: Supervise institutions and pension plans to determine whether they are in sound financial condition and meeting minimum plan funding requirements respectively, and are complying with their governing law and supervisory requirements Solid ERM culture and practices increase the probability an institution’s financial condition will remain sound, thereby easing the supervisor’s task and increasing the security of policyholders and depositors

18. Questions and Discussion