1. The Effects of Neo-synephrine on the 6-Day Chicken Embryo Sonya Park, Veronica Kvarta, and Dr. Jacqueline McLaughlin

2. Chicken Heart Development The chicken heart develops from a series of fusions and differentiations. Four regions of the heart:  Conotruncus (ct)  Ventricle (v)  Atrium (a)  Sinus venosus (sv) 33 hour chicken embryo heart 72 hour chicken embryo heart http://www.lv.psu.edu/jxm57/chicklab/outline.html

3. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Involuntary Consists of two divisions: SympatheticParasympathetic www.driesen.com/autonomic_nervous_system.htm

4. Neo-synephrine Typically used as a nasal decongestant Some effects of Neo-synephrine:  Arrhythmias  Low blood pressure  Tremors  Restlessness  Excitability  Variation of potassium levels *Neo-synephrine medical warning

5. Phenylephrine HCl Active ingredient of Neo-synephrine Alpha adrenergic agonist in sympathetic nervous system

6. Purpose To determine the effects of various Neo-synephrine solutions on a 6-day in vitro chicken embryo heart. Heart Rate (bpm) Heart Rate (bpm) Visible Arrhythmias Visible Arrhythmias

7. Hypothesis The in vitro chicken embryo heart will experience visible arrhythmias along with a decrease in heart rate (bpm). 6-day in vitro chicken embryo

8. Methods Stock Solutions:  0.125%, 0.1%, 0.075%, 0.05%, and 0.025% solutions of Neo-synephrine were made in chick saline “Windowed” Egg:  obtained control in vivo heart rate “Extracted” Egg:  obtained control in vitro heart rate Administered Stock Solutions:  obtained experimental heart rate and noted arrhythmias

9. RESULTS In Vivo Heart Rates

10. RESULTS In Vitro Heart Rates

11. RESULTS Heart Rates - 0.025% Beats per Minute

12. RESULTS Heart Rates - 0.05% Beats per Minute

13. RESULTS Heart Rates - 0.075% Beats per Minute * Tachycardia visible + Bradycardia visible * * * + + +

14. RESULTS Heart Rates – 0.10% Beats per Minute * Tachycardia visible + Bradycardia visible * ++ * * *

15. RESULTS Heart Rates – 0.125% When the 0.125% solution was administered to each chicken embryo cardiac arrest occurred. Heart Rate = 0 bpm

16. RESULTS Average Heart Rates Beats per Minute In vivoIn vitro 0.025%0.05%0.075%0.10%0.125%

17. Conclusion  Due to the fact that noticeable arrhythmias occurred in the embryos’ heart, and there was a visible decrease in the heart rate, our results support our hypothesis.  Due to observations, it is obvious that Neo-synephrine must be carefully administered because high percentage dosages will cause dangerous arrhythmias in chicken embryos.  Further experiments could include: Test lower concentrations of neo-synephrine to see if results are still consistent. Test lower concentrations of neo-synephrine to see if results are still consistent. Administer an antiarrhythmic medication to see if arrhythmias occur and heart rate still decreases. Administer an antiarrhythmic medication to see if arrhythmias occur and heart rate still decreases.

18. Siamese Twins!!

19. Q & A Please ask questions during this time. Thank you for listening to our presentation!

20. Reference “Neo-synephrine.” Medications.com. Skylabs. 4 Feb. 2004 “Neo-synephrine.” Medications.com. Skylabs. 4 Feb. 2004<http://medications.com/go/drug/Neosynephrine>. Armstrong, Lora L., Goldman, Morton P. et. al. Drug Information Handbook 2003-2004. Lexi-Comp, Incorporated, March 2003. Armstrong, Lora L., Goldman, Morton P. et. al. Drug Information Handbook 2003-2004. Lexi-Comp, Incorporated, March 2003. Cruz, Y.P. 1993. Laboratory exercises in developmental biology. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 241 pages. [ISBN 0-12-198390-0] [book] Cruz, Y.P. 1993. Laboratory exercises in developmental biology. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 241 pages. [ISBN 0-12-198390-0] [book]