1. CEC Project “Distribution System Aware Vehicle to Grid Services for Improved Grid Stability and Reliability”
Sunil Chhaya
Principal Investigator
Multi-Agency Workshop on Vehicle-Grid Integration 12/14/2015

2. Agenda
Project Overview
Project Methodology
Key Questions
Recommendations for Future Work

3. Introduction
Large number of PEVs have potential to provide significant grid benefits
1.5M PEVs in 2023 charging / discharging at 6-7kW constitutes 10,000 MW of capacity for distribution and ancillary grid services
20% of 1.5 million PEVs could provide 2,000 MW capacity at a value of $350 million per year in capacity constrained urban areas (i.e. Los Angeles basin)
Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Technology
Energy storage resource for AB2514 Energy Storage Procurement Mandate (1.3GW) and at no capital cost to IOUs
Generation balancing resource for intermittent renewable generation - “Duck Curve”
Grid services at DSO and ISO level
Grid-connected PEVs with V2G help improve air quality, reduce grid stress, and increase grid reliability and stability
Air Quality through increased transportation electrification through incentives
Grid Stress through acting as Flexible DR or ‘balancing resources’ in aggregated manner
Grid reliability and stability through provision of ancillary services

4. Issues/Challenges
Inconsistent data communication approaches among Utilities and PEVs
Lack of situational awareness of the PEVs relative to distribution grid state
Fragmented technology and standards inhibiting interoperability and preventing inclusion of V2G resources
Capability for on-vehicle inverters to meet Rule 21 performance and interconnection requirements
Certification of PEV inverter system to UL and IEEE requirements
Site authentication/authorization requirements due to roaming of PEVs
OEMs do not see value to end customers
Prevents realistic assessment of PEVs as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) with a path to volume production
Learnings to date based on controlled experimentation for ancillary services
Ancillary services is limited capacity market - minimizes utilization and value of V2G
V2G must be demonstrated outside the frequency regulation market to represent a sustainable long-term net benefit for utilities and ratepayers
Requires dynamic real world distribution grid integration

5. Project Scope / Goals
Innovative Automated Distribution Load Management via Open Standards
Use of Open Standards: SAE J1772, J2836/3, J2847/3, J3072 (Indusry-first implementation), J2931/4, J2931/1, IEEE (SEP2), OpenADR 2.0b
Local transformer real time monitoring and load management control
SEP2 /IEEE based comms feature sets and control algorithms: Load Control from EMS and DSO / ISO to PEVs
Implementation and Testing of Dynamic Use Cases
Automated transformer management based on localized transformer constraints – residential / fleet environments
DSO aggregated PEV DR and load management dispatch utilizing local transformer condition information
ISO ancillary services dispatch (simulated) control communications
Quantify costs and benefits from the customer, utility and societal perspective
Apply E3’s DER Avoided Cost and cost-effectiveness methodology adopted by the CPUC
E3’s REFLEX and GHG Pathways modeling to quantify the value of V2G under high renewable/low carbon scenarios
EPRI ESVT Extension for V2G services valuation
OpenDSS: quantify the physical and electrical impacts on the distribution system to ID hotspots for localized DR; Deferred Distribution Upgrade Assessment

6. System Layout – Distribution System Aware Vehicle to Grid Services for Improved System Stability and Reliability

7. Finally- V2G Services are also Priority 2 use cases within the VGI Platform Development in the future phase
Phase 1: Complete
Phase 2: Prototype / Commercial Intent
DR Program-specific parameters / use cases
Extensible for integration of localized solar and stationary energy storage
Phase 3 Production
Develop and Integrate CRM and business systems
Implement EVSP, BMS specific grid service applications
Wholesale market participation
Interface/integration utility, schedule coordinator/aggregator
Validate business model, rules, value, and prioritize
Phase 4 Commercial Enterprise
Market launch with defined and implemented features Customer PEV grid service business applications
Develop Use Cases around V2G(?)/Non-PEV load devices
Phase 1
Proof of Concept
Phase 2
Prototype
Priority 1 Use Case Field Trial
Market Entity Simulation
Phase 3
Production
Priority 1 Use Case Commercialization
Priority 2 Use Case Field Trial
Customer /Business Systems
Phase 4
Priority 2 Use Case Commercialization
Priority 3 Use Cases
Business Case Analysis
MARKET ENTITY
Commercial Enterprise
Customer Market Engagement
2014
2016
2017
2018

8. CAISO VGI Roadmap Priorities
CEC V2G Project Completes EPRI Open VGI Platform Functionality to Map Directly onto CAISO VGI Roadmap
CAISO VGI Roadmap Priorities
OVGIP Use Cases
1 Automated Utility Electricity Rate Tariff Processing
2 Locational Demand Response; Balancing Resource
3 Interface with Home Energy Management System / ESI
4 Interface with Building Energy Management System
5 Pricing Signal Events
6 Interface with EVSE Network Provider
7 Optimized Load Management (ISO/IEC 15118)
8 Vehicle Roaming
9 EVSE Network Functionality
10: Metering and Data Exchange
Distribution System Aware V2G Services Use Cases

9. Work Plan and Recommendations
2016 dedicated to technology development and systems integration
2016 for running experiments and data collection / analysis
Currently gearing up to understand and implement SAE J3072 with EVSE and PEVs – Actively looking at 3 OEMs to provide / loan vehicles
Where do we go from here?
Scale pilot for ALL VGI Use Cases including V2G essential to validating consumer behavior and valuation assessment
Technology will work itself out – for commercialization, OEMs and equipment providers need to understand programs that capture the value to utility and incentivize PEV owners