1. Group 2 Escalante, Julanie Mae Urbiztondo, Marwin Grace Figueroa, Ernie Gono, Ma. Cristina

2. Introduction Most fish species are cold blooded, which means they do not and can not control their internal body warmth. As a result, their metabolism is strongly influenced by the temperature of their surrounding environment. Given their cold blooded nature, fish need to move to stay within their temperature comfort zone.

3. Objective/Problem To determine the effect of temperature of the water in the movement of the operculum of the fishes.

4. Hypothesis Ho: There will be no significant effect of water temperature in the movement of the operculum of the fishes. Ha: There will be a significant effect of water temperature in the movement of the operculum of the fishes.

5. Materials and Methods Materials 2 fishes (same species, same size) 2 Liter set/beakers with 700mL water each 150g of ice Thermometer

6. Methods 1. 2 identical beakers were prepared and labeled as Set A and Set B. 2. The 150g of ice was put in the beaker with label Set B. 3. The temperature in each beaker were measured using thermometer. 4. The fishes were transferred in the beakers, 1 fish in the beaker Set A(without ice) and the other fish in the beaker Set B(with ice). 5. The movement of the operculum of the fishes were carefully observed for at least 5 minutes.

7. Results The fishes were of the same specie and same size, but were placed in different containers with different temperature. Set A(without ice) have a temperature of 27˚C and Set B(with ice) have a temperature of 10˚C. Fish in Set A have a normal operculum movement while in Set B, the operculum movement of the fish was slow.

8. Discussion Set B is the one with the cold temperature so the movement of the operculum of the fish is slow because colder waters are more oxygenated than waters with normal temperature.

9. Conclusion Therefore, the researchers concluded that the water temperature where the fish lives can affect the movement of the fish’s operculum, which is generally the reason why larger fishes live in deeper bodies of water than smaller fishes.

10. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operculum_(fish) http://sciencefairwater.com/physical-water-quality- parameters/water-temperature/water-temperature- effects-on-fish-and-aquatic-life/ Authors: Escalante, Julanie Mae Urbiztondo, Marwin Grace Figueroa, Ernie Gono, Ma. Cristina