1. Bacteria: Beneficial, Infectious and Antibiotics
Karl Schaller, Eric Li, Ethan Parker, John Ruszkowski

2. Overview Ways bacteria benefit our lives How bacteria harm our lives
How diseases spread and how we can prevent them from spreading
Difference between disinfectants and antibiotics and how they work
Penicillin, tetracycline, macrolide, and how they harm bacteria
What we use antibiotics to treat

3. Ways Bacteria Benefit Our Lives
They help inside the body as well as outside
Decomposers release nitrogen that is not produced normally
There are bacteria in the intestines that digest difficult plant material
Ethan

4. Beneficial Bacteria Waste management Oxygen production
Bacteria produce more than 50% of the worlds oxygen
Ethan

5. How Bacteria Harm Our Lives
Pathogen A harmful infection
Could be fungal, bacterial, viral or parasite
Bacteria even can become resistant to antibiotics, becoming even more dangerous
Super bacteria
Ethan

6. Harmful Bacteria
Most harmful bacteria live in the intestines and can be fatal
Many bacterial infections ranging all over the body
Treated with antibiotics
Ethan

7. How Diseases Spread And How We Can Prevent Them From Spreading
Diseases are spread many different ways, including bodily fluid transfer, genetics, or through the air
Diseases that aren't passed down through genetics originate from a host
These original hosts can be any organism that isn't a human
The most effective tool against deadly viruses is quarantining, isolating the first people to get the virus came and not letting anyone come into contact with them
Vaccinations work well against one strain of virus, but as more and more strains pop up, its more difficult to combat the virus
John

8. How Diseases Spread
Modern transportation technology makes it much easier and faster for diseases to spread worldwide
Airborne diseases spread by "hitching a ride" on droplets of your saliva when you sneeze
Diseases such as HIV, Leprosy, and Polio are spread through direct skin contact and cuts
Excrement and urine can also carry diseases = bad hygiene
John

9. How We Can Prevent Them From Spreading
Having proper hygiene and cleaning habits can prevent diseases in body secretions from spreading
Enforcing travel bans on people going to or coming from an area where a disease is prevalent
Antibiotics can fight bacterial disease, but they can't fight viral disease
John

10. Conclusion
Diseases can spread through genetics, skin contact, and the air
Isolating a population who has the disease from the rest of the world can stop the disease from spreading
Vaccinations are only temporary fixes as new strains usually pop up
Modern transportation technology increases the rate of spreading
Body secretions can also carry diseases, and if one doesn't have good hygiene or cleaning habits, they risk contracting disease themselves
Quarantining is the most effective tool in combating disease
John

11. What Are Disinfectants
Chemical liquid that destroys bacteria
Strategy of infection control
Used to reduce living microorganisms to level safe for environment
Karl

12. How Do Disinfectants Work
Non-specific in action: Act against any biological material present
Potency affected by concentration (pure alcohol less effective than alcohol diluted with water)
Presence of organic material decreases effectiveness of disinfectant
Microorganisms can develop resistance to disinfectants
Karl

13. What Are Antibiotics
Type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection
Kill or inhibit growth of bacteria
Made of bacteria or eukaryotic organisms that protect from other bacteria
Karl

14. How Do Antibiotics Work
Kills or weakens infectious bacteria
Different antibiotics target different bacteria
Bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance
Resistance overcome by modifying antibiotic
Antibiotics have no direct effect on viruses
Karl

15. What We Use Antibiotics To Treat
Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria, so they so not treat viruses
Common illnesses caused by bacteria are urinary tract infections, strep throat, and pneumonia and illnesses caused by viruses are colds, sore throats, and coughs
there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant and antibiotics will become less effective
Eric

16. Penicillin
* Affect the peptidoglycan a protective mesh-like structure around the cell
Surround the cell in reproduction, causing them to fill in holes created when cells divide
The bacteria fills with water and kills it
Eric

17. Macrolides Macrolides bind to the 50s unit of the bacterial ribosomes
*stops specific amino acids from attaching to rRNA complex
This does not kill the bacteria, bur it inhibits it from hurting you
Natural Lactone consisting of atoms
Eric

18. Tetracycline Same thing as Macrolides but bonds to 30s
Also inhibits further by altering membrane, causing leakage
Causes more denaturing of bacteria
Eric