1. Pies and Pastry Dough

2. Objective: Identify and prepare pastries

3. 4 Main Pie Ingredients Flour = structure Salt = flavor Fat = tenderness Liquid = holds dough together + moisture

4. Differences in fats: –Taste and flavor –Lard or Shortening = more tender –Oil = harder to handle i.e. crumbly Differences in flours: –All-purpose – harder wheat, more gluten –Cake flour – softer wheat, less gluten Pastry Dough Ingredients

5. Understanding Pie Dough Pie crusts are made from four basic ingredients: flour, fat, salt, and water Flour gives structure to the pastry Fat makes pie tough because it causes gluten development in flour Fat adds flakiness because it separates the layers of gluten Oil and margarine are the two most common fats used to make pie crust Oil makes pie crust mealy and tender rather than flaky and tender Water provides moisture to help gluten form and produces steam for flakiness

6. Understanding Pie Dough Salt adds much more to pie crust than other flavorings Shortening is cut into the flour until it resembles particles the size of cornmeal A pie crust recipe should always list a specific amount of water Too much flour, water, or fat will make the pie crust tough Dough that is stretched to fit the pie pan will shrink from the sides while baking

7. Making Dough When cutting in shortening with flour and salt, it is important to mix it thoroughly together like coarse corn meal so that your crust is tender and flaky Water must be icy cold to prevent the fat from melting Use a fork to mix the water into the dough Handling the dough too much toughens the pastry dough

8. Rolling Dough Always begin rolling from the center to the outer edge, lifting it up at the edge Poking holes in the dough with a fork or pricking it, will prevent the dough from puffing during baking Using a pastry cloth and stockinette (rolling pin cover) will help prevent it from sticking to the rolling pin and counter top

9. Three Styles of Pie Crusts Pie shell –baked separately and filled later –pricked crust –Filled with creams/pudding Single crust pie –bottom crust and filling baked together –Ex: pecan and pumpkin Double crust pie –bottom crust, filling, and top crust baked together –Ex: fruit pies

10. Double Crust Pie Sealing Cut excess edge of dough off bottom crust Fill pie dish Lay top dough over ingredients then cut excess edge of dough off the top crust Rub water on the bottom crust before adding top crust Crimp them together using various fluting techniques

11. Secrets to Successful Pastries If your pastry is crumbly and hard to roll: –Add more water, 1 teaspoon at a time –Toss the flour mixture and water together a little more or just until evenly moistened If your pastry is tough: –Use a pastry blender to cut in the shortening or lard till well mixed and all of the mixture resembles small peas. –Use less water to moisten the flour mixture. –Toss the flour mixture and water together only till all of the flour mixture is moistened. –Use less flour when rolling out the pastry.

12. If your crust shrinks excessively: –Roll the pastry to an even thickness –Mix in water only until evenly moistened –Don’t stretch pastry when transferring it If the bottom crust is soggy: –Use a dull metal or glass pie plate, not a shiny metal pan –Patch any cracks in the pastry with a scrap of the pastry before adding the filling –Be sure the oven temperature is accurate. If the temperature is too low, the bottom crust will not bake properly Secrets to Successful Pastries