1. Dictators Turn to Totalitarianism

2. Totalitarianism  More extreme than just a dictator  Secret police  Ultimate control  Uses terror and spies amongst citizens  No rights, no political rivals, no alternative ideology  Govt. controls radio and propaganda  Why now?

3. Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union  Post Lenin  Collective farms  10 million deaths  Great Terror 1936-38  Purge of traitors in Communist party (killed or labor camps) “There are no bad collective farms under communism, there are only bad managers.”

4. Benito Mussolini - Italy  Fascist Party 1919  National pride  Black Shirts  Anti socialist, anti communist  Italian King Emmanuel III  March on Rome 1922  Weak, let BM become Prime Minister  Mussolini aka I’l Duce  Took over everything

5. How did Stalin and Mussolini compare with one another?

6. Adolf Hitler - Germany  Failed at art  WWI veteran  Leader of National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) 1921  Rebelled  Mein Kampf in jail  Problems with Germany  Against communist and Jewish  Lebensraum  1933 Chancellor of Germany  Economic policies recovered Germany  Der Fuhrer

7. Militarists Gain Control of Japan  Great Depression  Military takeover  Wanted expansion throughout Asia  Natural resources and markets  Manchuria  Rape of Nanjing  No dictator  Dictatorship-like military

8. Appeasement  Granting potential enemy’s wishes to avoid conflict  France, Britain & U.S.  Wanted to avoid second World War  Soviets seen as real threat  Didn’t work  more power to dictators  Led to Anschluss (Austria added to Hitler’s Reich)