1. CO 2 DeepStore CCS deployment in the EU: An SME perspective Sam Gomersall 1 “Putting something back…….”

2. Coal/Gas with CCS <100 100 - 250 250 - 500 500 - 750 750 - 1000 1000 - 1250 1250+ Carbon Intensity CO 2 emission figure (g/kWh) B A C D E F G Renewables Gas powergen Coal powergen Conventional oil

3. SMEs in other related areas Oil & Gas Developed previously uneconomic fields Extended field lives of mature assets Developed and applied innovative technology Renewables Created most of the new technology (wind, marine, solar) Taken the lead in project developments (Solar, Biomass, marine) SMEs have provided an important contribution in other related areas

4. SME perspective on CCS SMEs bring; Innovation and a fresh approach A focus on CCS Drive to do something early ‘Fill the gaps’ Create the CCS sector (growth, job creation) But may lack.. Financial strength Balance sheet ‘Legislative fit’

5. CCS players Value chainFocusDrivers CapturePower generators and major emitters EUETS (Environmental objectives) (Incentives) (Legislation) Transport? (Grid providers) (Government agencies) Tariff business (National interest) Storage? (Oil and Gas companies) (Government agencies) EUETS or tariff business (Enhanced oil recovery) (National interest) Integration (Technical & Commercial) ? (Power generators) (Government agencies) Project involvement SMEs have a role to play

6. Industry viewpoints CCS ‘interest’ Power Oil & Gas Govmt NGOs Banks What is CCS? Let’s wait & see Important but... More study required Critical to our future I’m a bit busy

7. CCS: Organisational philosophies Majors Mega projects Fit with corporate portfolio CCS competes with other activities Tendency to stay with what is comfortable Reputation protection SMEs Early phased projects Seek out the most attractive projects Focus only on CCS Innovative and creative Challenge the existing approaches Both types of organisation are required to get CCS projects moving

8. SME perspective Groupthink is a blocker to CCS CO2 storage is not just a hole in the ground The location of new power generation facilities is not adequately considering CCS CO2 enhanced oil recovery in the North Sea will not make CCS happen Market conditions today should not prevent early CCS investment

9. Closing comments SMEs have an important contribution to make to get CCS underway There are currently gaps in the emerging CCS marketplace which SMEs can address Legislation and funding should support the contribution SMEs can make

10. CO 2 DeepStore CCS deployment in the EU: An SME perspective Sam Gomersall 10 “Putting something back…….”