1. Biotechnology DNA technology can be used in forensics, agriculture, and medicine

2. Genetic Engineering aka.. Genetic Modification » Make changes in DNA code by Inserting or Deleting specific genes » Use modern molecular biology techniques.

3. 1) Recombinant DNA Aka.. Gene Splicing made by combining DNA from more than one source (often from very different species)

4. 2) Gel electrophoresis Uses an electric current smaller fragments – faster larger ones – slower DNA fragments move to positive end + - AB DNA on murder weapon

5. 3)Transgenic organisms  transgenic animal Mice--- immune system more like humans- can study them Livestock --- leaner meat carries a foreign gene, deliberately inserted into its genome.  transgenic plant Soybeans/corn/crops --- to produce insecticide so doesn’t have to be sprayed Also: Improved Nutritional Quality Insect Resistance Disease Resistance Drought Tolerance

6. 4) Cloning replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum with the nucleus of a body cell from the organism. first adult mammal cloned was Dolly in 1997 Clone --- genetically identical copy

7. 5) DNA Fingerprinting Compare genetic similarities and differences between individuals. often used to ID source of blood / tissue found at crime scenes. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Used to make several copies of DNA – Each PCR cycle doubles the number of DNA copies – After only 30 PCR cycles, the original DNA sequence is copied more than 1 billion times! 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

9. 6) Gene Therapy the insertion of normal or genetically altered genes into cells usually to replace defective genes (cancer & genetic disorders) Eye cancer

10. DNA Finger Printing Activity