1. American Revolution War or Peace
Fort Ticonderoga
May 1775
Lake Champlain
Ethan Allen – Green Mountain Boys Vermont Patriot soldiers
Benedict Arnold
Surprise attack – capture fort
Cannons, gunpowder and much needed military equipment
http

2. I wonder if they know what the word “convenes” means?
May 10, 1775
Second Continental Congress convenes in Philadelphia
I wonder if they know what the word “convenes” means?

4. American Revolution Battle of Bunker Hill or Breed’s Hill?
June 1775
Video Bunker Hill
Breed’s Hill
First major battle of Revolution
Proved that British were beatable
1,200 minutemen
2,400 redcoats
“Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes”

6. March on Canada 1775-1776 Richard Montgomery Benedict Arnold
Plan was to keep British out of Canada
Leads one army from Ticonderoga to Montreal
Plan was to meet Arnold at Quebec
Weather delays plan
Americans attack in snowstorm – Montgomery is killed and Arnold is wounded
Americans leave Canada to British May 1776

7. American Revolution Refugees
Blockade
Mercenaries
People who flee their homes to seek shelter from war, persecution or other hardships
Shutting off of a port to keep people & supplies from moving in/out
Troops / soldiers for hire $$$ (often from a foreign country)

8. Loyalists Patriots Traitor The Opposing Sides
Let’s Discuss:
War for independence and/or Civil War?
Colonists who remained loyal to the King (Tories)
More Loyalists in middle and southern region than in New England
Many Loyalists fled to England or Canada
Colonists who supported war for independence
Person who betrays his country

9. The Opposing Sides Advantages – Disadvantages T- Chart
American Patriots
British
Patriots could attack British when they went into countryside
Some Patriots owned rifles and were good shots
George Washington was a strong commander
Patriots would fight hard to defend their homes and property
Highly trained and experienced troops
Navy best in world
Ships could move soldiers quickly up and down the coast
Many colonists (loyalists) still supported the British
More loyalists located in middle and southern colonies
6,000 troops already stationed in Boston
3,000 miles from home – news and supplies took months

10. American Revolution War or Peace
Second Continental Congress
May 1775
Expectation is that rupture between mother country and colonies would be healed.
Georgia delegates do not arrive until fall
John Hancock President of Congress
Who was John Hancock?
- Orphan child (story of wealthy merchant uncle)
-Harvard graduate
-Massachusetts Governor
-Strong supporter of Independence

11. American Revolution War or Peace
Second Continental Congress
May 1775
Signature on Declaration is LARGE
Two stories NOT supported or substantiated:
“The British ministry can read that name without spectacles, let them double the reward.”
“There, I guess King George will be able to read that!”

12. American Revolution War or Peace
Second Continental Congress
May 1775
Establishes the Continental Army
George Washington is commander
Washington takes command in Boston
Authorizes printing of money
Set up post office (Franklin in charge)
Set up committees to communicate with Native Americans and other countries
. . . And there is more

13. American Revolution War or Peace
Second Continental Congress
July 1775
Olive Branch Petition
Congress tries to patch up quarrel with Britain by sending Olive Branch Petition
Petition:
Declared loyalty to King George III
Asked King to repeal Intolerable Acts
King ‘s reaction – furious
accuses colonies of “trying to declare war for the purpose of establishing independent empire”
1. King rejects the petition
2. King vows to bring “rebels” to justice
3. King hires more than 30,000 German troops to assist

14. American Revolution War or Peace
Second Continental Congress
July 1775
Olive Branch Petition
King reacts. . .
“These American rebels have declared themselves outside of our protection and we will wage war upon them just as though they were a foreign country.”
Liberty Episode 2……start at 31:25 mark to 37:25

15. Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
offer freedom to any enslaved African or Indian who joined the British forces.
Video – offer of Emancipation

16. Timeline Tidbits
July 1775 American Post Office is established with Ben Franklin as Postmaster Nov American Navy is established by Congress . Congress appoints secret committee to seek help from European nations Dec 1775 King George III issues proclamation closing American colonies to all commerce to take effect March 1776

17. Declaring Independence
Common Sense
Thomas Paine
January 1776
Convince colonists that they did NOT owe loyalty to King
Simple facts – plain arguments – easy for common person to understand
Convinces colonists that independence is a good idea – build support
100,000 + copies of pamphlet sold in few months
Liberty Episode 2……start at 37:20 mark to 42:20

18. How important were the Olive Branch Petition and Common Sense to the colonists declaring independence

19. Timeline Tidbits
March 1776 American forces capture Dorchester Heights overlooking Boston Harbor. British evacuate Boston. George Washington rushes to NY City anticipating British plan to invade.

20. Timeline Tidbits
April 1776 Congress declares colonial shipping ports open to all traffic EXCEPT British. Congress authorizes privateer raids on British ships. Congress advises disarming all Americans loyal to England. May 1776 American receives foreign support from King Louis XVI and France ($1 million in arms and munitions). Spain also promises support.

21. Timeline Tidbits
June-July 1776 Massive British war fleet arrives in NY Harbor. . . Under the command of General William Howe
30 battleships with 1200 cannons
30,000 soldiers
10,000 sailors
300 supply ships

22. John Locke English Philosopher (laws of nature)
Late 1600s
ALL people are FREE, EQUAL and Rational
Each person possesses inalienable rights - life, liberty, property
If government fails to protect individual rights then people are entitled to replace it

23. Moving Toward Independence
Continental Congress
June 1776
Traitor
Decision to write resolution to be free and independent
NO TURNING BACK
Person who betrays his country
As the Declaration of Independence is sent off to printer. . .
“I shall have a great advantage over you, Mr. Gerry – when we are all hung for what we are now doing. From the size and weight of my body I shall die in a few minutes, but from the lightness of your body you will dance in the air an hour or two before you are dead.” (Founding Brothers pg 4)

24. Did You Know? . . . What happened to the 56 men who signed
5 were captured by British as traitors, tortured before they died
12 had their homes ransacked and burned
2 lost their sons serving in Revolutionary Army
2 had their sons captured
9 of the 56 fought and died

25. Did You Know? 24 were lawyers 11 were merchants
9 were farmers and large plantation owners
Well Educated
Wealthy
They signed knowing full well that the penalty would be death if captured.

26. Did You Know?
Carter Braxton (VA) – sells his home and properties to pay his debts – died in rags
Thomas Nelson Jr. (VA) – raised $2 million of his own personal credit, never reimbursed. During battle of Yorktown his house was occupied by General Cornwallis. His home will be destroyed and he will die bankrupt and buried in an unmarked grave

27. Such were the stories . . .
And sacrifices of the American Revolution. These were soft spoken men of means and education. They had security but valued liberty more. They gave you and me a free and independent America.

28. Declaration of Independence
Continental Congress made five member committee
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman
Thomas Jefferson writes majority
July 2nd – congress voted the 13 colonies were free and independent states – two days later JULY 4th delegates accept with revisions
John Hancock signed first
Preamble (Introduction) followed by. . .
Natural Rights , British Wrongs (Grievances) and Independence

29. Declaration of Independence
Four basic parts:
(1) Preamble or introduction explains the reason for separating from Britain.
(2) Natural Rights – people have certain basic rights that government should protect
(3) Grievances list of complaints against the King (the largest section of Declaration of Independence)
(4) Independence – free and independent states
Liberty Episode 2……start at 44:00 mark to end 51:37

30. Declaration of Independence
An introduction, opening statement of declaration or official document – “When in the course of human events. . .”
Rights that belong to all people from birth
Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
Lists wrongs committed by Britain
Announces colonies now United States of America
All political ties with Britain cut
Preamble
Natural Rights
British wrongs
Independence

31. No Turning Back Music Video America Story of Us to 8 minute mark

32. What you might not know about the Declaration of Independence - Kenneth C. Davis
America the Story of Us: Declaration of Independence

33. Declaration of Today’s Class Activity
Clear Desks of all materials
Have pen or pencil
3 Challenge Activities followed by Smartboard Challenge – all activities are worth battle points

36. British Take New York Battle of Long Island Nathan Hale
British commanded by Howe had 34,000 soldiers and 10,000 sailors
Washington had 20,000 poorly trained soldiers
1,400 patriots killed or captured
Escape at night through fog
American spy captured by British
Tried for treason and sentenced to death
“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”

37. Battle of Long Island (or Battle of Brooklyn) August 1776
Outflanked – heavy causalities – trapped they escape

40. Battle of Washington
“Put to the sword”

41. James Monroe (Lieutenant)
Counts the troops

42. General Cornwallis General Howe

43. The Continental Army will call this person the . . .
“The ____________ ___________ Man”
He has been traveling with army (a journalist – well known)

44. American Revolution 10-12 miles North of Trenton (Washington’s group)
12 miles South of Trenton
Directly across from Trenton
Across from Philadelphia

45. Despair and New Hope Battle of Trenton
video the crossing Trenton attack.mp4
George Washington decided only way to stay alive was surprise attack on Trenton
Christmas night – secretly across the Delaware River
Early on Dec. 26th American surprise Hessians guarding Trenton
Washington captures ALL the Hessians and officers

47. As the Americans retreated from Trenton, they defeated the British in Princeton, NJ.

48. Turning Point of War Britain’s Plan Victory at Saratoga October 1777
General John Burgoyne presents plan for British victory
3 armies march on Albany and control the Hudson River
Plan is not followed
Benedict Arnold defeats the British at Fort Stanwix
Burgoyne recaptures Fort Ticonderoga but loses 1,000 troops in Vermont
Green Mountain Boys assist American forces in Saratoga – surround redcoats – Burgoyne surrenders entire army – France becomes ally

49. Turning Point of War Help from Europe Ally Cavalry
King Louis XVI and FRANCE agree to help – recognize new nation and send military help
Prussia – Friedrich von Steuben (train)
Polish – Thaddeus Kosciusko (engineer)
Nations that work together for common purpose (friends)
Troops on horseback

50. Winter at Valley Forge Valley Forge, PA Winter of 1777-1778 Soldiers –
Winter of
Soldiers –
slept on frozen ground
little warm clothing
frostbite & disease
News spreads and Patriots send help
food, medicine, warm clothes,
ammunition

51. Valley Forge--Washington & Lafayette. Winter 1777-78

52. War in the West Native Americans Role Vincennes Spanish Role
Indians support British in South attack settlements on frontier
Iroquois join with Loyalists and raid frontier settlements in Pennsylvania and NY
Patriot soldiers with Indian help captured British forts in Ohio valley
Patriot forces carry out surprise attack and are successful
Neutral at first – then supply Patriots with medicine, cloth, muskets and gunpowder

53. War in the South & Sea South At Sea
John Paul Jones
British thought it would be easy to take South with all the Loyalist support
Major loses in South for Americans
Savannah, GA – Patriots LOSE
Charleston, SC-Patriots LOSE
Camden, SC – Patriots LOSE
September 1779 – American captain in North Sea (near Britain)
British Merchant ships guarded by only one war ship
1st Cannonballs nd hand to hand combat
“I have not yet begun to fight!”

54. Women’s Role Women’s Role in War
Took care of the farm – planted and harvested
Managed the family finances
Wove cloth for blankets, uniforms
Responsible for children
Poor women worked as cooks for British armies
A few were soldiers

55. Women’s Role Betsy Ross – American flag
Women’s Role in War
Betsy Ross – American flag
Mary Ludwig – carried water on battlefield
Molly Pitcher – loaded and fired cannons
Mercy Otis Warren – wrote pamphlets for Revolution

56. African American & Slavery during War
Slavery during the War
Over 5,000 black slaves served in Continental Army (after war many freed)
Many slaves escaped during war
Black soldiers served at Bunker Hill and Ticonderoga
1775 – at first excluded blacks BUT reversed decision – afraid they would join the Redcoats
Washington realized that slavery was against the liberty and freedom colonists wanted and will FREE all his slaves
Every state BUT GEORGIA stopped the slave trade

57. African American & Slavery during War
Slavery during the War
British promised freedom to slaves who enlisted in British army
1804 states above Mason-Dixon Line abolish slavery

58. Winning the War Patriots Rally in South
King’s Mountain Swamp Fox
British troops had been badly beating Continental Army until King’s Mtn. - tide turns with this victory
General Greene fights the British only when he has advantage – hit and run
General Morgan divided his soldiers in battle to trick British – two lines and fake retreat (Cowpens)
Francis Marion – slept by day – travel at night.
Guerrilla war tactics – appear suddenly, harass and disappear

59. Yorktown
1st Cornwallis attacks Charlottesville, VA – Jefferson and other leaders escape
2nd Cornwallis makes mistake when he refused to send part of his army to NY
3rd Cornwallis retreats to Yorktown on Chesapeake Bay confident he can get supplies by Navy
TRAPPED – Washington and army on one side with the French Navy cutting off supplies on other side
Americans lay siege – 16,000 to 8,000 and cannons pounding day after day
OCTOBER – British surrender

60. Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, October 19, 1781, by which over 7,000 British and Hessians became prisoners.

61. Prisoners of War Ships?

62. Peace Treaty Talks in Paris 1782
Treaty of Paris
Talks in Paris 1782
Ben Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, and Henry Laurens
Britain recognizes United States as independent nation
Borders of new nation
Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River
Florida returned to Spain
April 15, 1783 – Treaty ratified