1. TR in Latin America (Part 2) TR proclaims U.S. has a right to intervene in Latin America by using “international police power” “international police power”: U.S. could force Latin Americans to pay their debts to foreign nations & would keep those nations from meddling in Latin American affairs - To preserve law & order - Presidents continued to use this Roosevelt Corollary to intervene in Latin America

2. Dollar Diplomacy Taft follows TR & also supports a large U.S. role in Latin America “Substitute dollars for bullets” – he urged U.S. bankers to invest in Latin America – Dollar diplomacy: building strong economic ties to Latin America to gain control & input – U.S. investors responded eagerly

3. Dollar Diplomacy Pros Built roads, R&R’s, harbors = increased trade for U.S. & local countries Cons U.S. companies meddled in the political affairs of host counties U.S. used military force to keep order (the bully?) – 1912 – revolution erupts in Nicaragua & the U.S. sent in marines to protect U.S. investments before the people

4. Moral Diplomacy DID NOT Wilson was president after Taft but DID NOT support a large U.S. role in Latin America – “The force of America is the force of moral principle”

5. Moral Diplomacy: The responsibility to condemn imperialism, spread democracy & promote peace Ironically, Wilson orders military intervention in LA more than any prior president Marines were sent to Haiti & Dominican Republic to “enforce peace” until the 1930s! ?

6. Revolution in Mexico There was a constant turnover of leaders who would promise democratic reform & then dictate their people Constant state of civil war Newest dictator was Victoriano Huerta

7. Revolution in Mexico – Wilson tried to stay neutral & hoped Mexico would develop a democratic government without U.S. interference… Do you think this was a legitimate theory? Do you think he was afraid? Do you think he held a stigma against the Mexican people? – He referred to the Mexican gov’t as the ”Government of butchers” – …except things got worse & more brutal

8. -1914 Mexican troops arrest several U.S. sailors for getting involved in a local Mexican dispute -Wilson orders the U.S. Navy to occupy the Mexican port of Veracruz -Since we are against Huerta, we are in effect in support of his rival; Venustiano Carranza -Problem: he’s also an intense dictator! We had lost sight of protection of the people & were hungry for control Finally…the U.S. Intervenes

9. War General Francisco “Pancho” Villa wanted to intervene & take out Carranza to protect the Mexican people – Problem: we support Carranza Spring 1916 – Villa’s soldiers removed 17 U.S. citizens from a train in Mexico & shot them Summer 1916 – Villa raids a town in New Mexico & killed 18 Americans

10. The Reaction Wilson sends General John J. Pershing with an army of several thousands of soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa Wilson sends General John J. Pershing with an army of several thousands of soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa 11 months went by without capture & Wilson ordered Pershing to withdraw but our relationship with Mexico was HEAVILY strained 11 months went by without capture & Wilson ordered Pershing to withdraw but our relationship with Mexico was HEAVILY strained

11. The Result U.S. troops & civilians start to realize that America’s role in world affairs had dramatically changed over the years – 1.) U.S. now had stations, troops & ships in Asia & Latin America – 2.) Business interests spanned the globe Now it was off to attempt to conquer more territory in Europe