1. Reological Model and Reological Properties of Asphalt Mixtures L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE

2. Subjects  Characterization of Burgers reological model  Introduction of combined reo-tribometre instrument  Review of shearing tests  Review of relaxation tests  Determination of mechanical static yield-point of asphalt mixtures  Conclusion EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

3. Reological Model of Burgers Materials  Till today asphalt mixtures were characterised by reological model of Burgers  Using Bourgers reological model means asphalt mixtures will endure non- reversebile deformations as:  m(t)=  t/  1  m(t)=  t/  1 in each cases, when affected on it pressure stress  >0 in each cases, when affected on it pressure stress  >0 EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

4. Combined Reo-tribometre Instrument EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 1.table; 2. worm-gear; 3. electromotor; 4. cable-drum; 5. cable-way or ropeway; 6. Moveable car with shearing plate; 7. inductive meassurer of moving; 8. force meassurer; 9. heatable speciment-fixture; 10. pneumatic cylinder; 11. magnetic valve; 12. meassurer of pressure; 13. compressor; 14. termostate; 15. control panel; 16. spider; 17. computer

5. Photo of Combined Reo-tribometre Instrument EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

6. Tipical Shearing-force - Deformation/displancement Diagrammes, Measured on Marshall-Probes EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

7. Some Resultes of Shearing Tests  Effective viscosity of asphalt mixtures can be determined as:  e =  (H/v); [MPa s] T [°C] F max [N]  max [MPa]  e [MPa s] F dny [N]  dny [Mpa]  d [MPa s] 1009740,11920,2163480,04260,0232 1109520,11650,1982940,03590,0191 1208450,10340,1362840,03480,0128 1308100,09910,1192620,03210,0074 1407750,09450,1062170,02650,0053 EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

8. Relaxation Test of Asphalt Mixtures on Combined Reotribometre F 1 =var – shearing force [N] F 1 =var – shearing force [N] P ny =F 2 /A=var – pressure stress in body [MPa] P ny =F 2 /A=var – pressure stress in body [MPa] A=const. – working surface of Marshall-probe; [mm2] A=const. – working surface of Marshall-probe; [mm2] Q=var – Materials in asphalt mixture Q=var – Materials in asphalt mixture T=const – temperature of asphalt mixture [°C] T=const – temperature of asphalt mixture [°C] EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

9. Tipical Specific Deformation-Time Functions of Asphalt Mixtures EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

10. Rheological Model of Asphalt Mixtures made with Bitumen Binders E 1 – Hookean dinamic modulus E 1 – Hookean dinamic modulus E 2 – Elasticity modulus of Voigt- Kelvin body E 2 – Elasticity modulus of Voigt- Kelvin body  0 – Static liquid limit of the visco- plastic body  0 – Static liquid limit of the visco- plastic body  1 – Viscoity of the plastic-viscose body  1 – Viscoity of the plastic-viscose body  2 – Viscosity of the Voigt-Kelvin’s body  2 – Viscosity of the Voigt-Kelvin’s body  r - actual elastic deformation  r - actual elastic deformation  pl – plasticy-viscous deformation  pl – plasticy-viscous deformation  k – delayed elastic deformation  k – delayed elastic deformation EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

11. Effective Viscosity of Shattered and non-shattered material Structures - First derive of specific deformation by time; - First derive of specific deformation by time; - Second derive of specific deformation by time; - Second derive of specific deformation by time;  0 – Static yield-point of the material strucure/systeme ; [MPa]  0 – Static yield-point of the material strucure/systeme ; [MPa] t r – Time of delay of elastic deformation in the material structure/systeme of asphalt mixtures; [s] t r – Time of delay of elastic deformation in the material structure/systeme of asphalt mixtures; [s] t fr – Time intervall of relaxation of mechanical stress in material structure/systeme of asphalt mixtures; [s] t fr – Time intervall of relaxation of mechanical stress in material structure/systeme of asphalt mixtures; [s] EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

12. Tipical Relaxation Curve of Shearing Stress in Asphalte Mixtures at Shearing Force 100 N EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

13. Effective Viscosity as Funktion of Shearing Stress EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

14. Static Yield-point of Asphalt Mixture  Up to 75 N-there is no deformation  = 0,009178 [MPa]  Between 75 N-95 N there is an elastic deformation there is an elastic deformation  Over 95 N- there is a residual deformation in the examined asphalt mixture  = 0,010402 [MPa] EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

15. Conclusion  Using the new reo-tribometre patented by Dr. Gömze we could develop a new reological model for asphalt mixtures and determine the values of their mechanical and reological characteristics and coefficiences like E, , ...  The new reological model can be used by the engineers of road-building industry in wide range in development of asphalt mixtures with different microstructural and mechanical, reological properties. EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

16. Conclusion Conclusion  Using the new reological model of asphalt mixture developed by authors, engineers can determine the maximum values of shearing stresses, which asphalt roads can endure (wear out) without demages.  Using the new reological model and meassured mechanical and reological coeffitiences engineers can determine the values of mechanical stresses, affect on surfaces of concrete and stone particles of roads throught the asphalt mixtures. EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

17. Conclusion Determining the values of statistic yield-points of different asphalt mixtures on the combined reotribometre, the authors could contravene the statement that asphalt mixtures made with bitumen binders, generaly loss their strength when their temperature higher than 25. Determining the values of statistic yield-points of different asphalt mixtures on the combined reotribometre, the authors could contravene the statement that asphalt mixtures made with bitumen binders, generaly loss their strength when their temperature higher than 25 °C. The authors have find that high values of effective viscosity of asphalt mixtures during their spreading and rollering are the causes of shortages of macrostructure, density and mechanical strength of asphalt roads in several times. The authors have find that high values of effective viscosity of asphalt mixtures during their spreading and rollering are the causes of shortages of macrostructure, density and mechanical strength of asphalt roads in several times. EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103

18. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION L. A. Gömze and A. Kovacs University of Miskolc, (Hungary) femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu Tel: +36-30-7462714 - Fax: +36-46-565103 EUROMAT 2005 CONFERENCE PRAGUE