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Internet Infrastructure Min Ding Smeal College of Business Administration Pennsylvania State University
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The Future of Computers "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." --Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 "Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons." --Popular Mechanics, 1949 "But what... is it good for?" --Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968, commenting on the microchip. "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." --Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 "640K ought to be enough for anybody." -- Bill Gates, 1981
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Today’s Topics Internet Communication -- Internet Protocol Suite Web Technology – building blocks of e- commerce What does it take to have your own web server?
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Internet Protocol Suite Communication among computers is achieved by following a set of agreements (or protocols); Each protocol suite has multiple layers; TCP/IP is the most widely implemented protocol suite in use.
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Layers of TCP/IP suite Application layer (e.g., HTTP) Transport layer (e.g., TCP) Network layer (IP) Physical layer (e.g., Ethernet)
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Physical layers Internet is a network of many different networks -- LAN (e.g., Ethernet, token ring) and WAN (e.g., dialup, frame relay, point-to- point circuits); Internet routers are used to connect these networks; Routing protocols determine how information (packet) are forwarded; Routers are often used as first line of defense against network attack.
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Network layer Network layer takes care of IP address and domain name service (DNS) IP provides both packet (data) addressing and best-effort forwarding services (kind of like mailroom); IP layer assigns a uniform address structure (32 bit address) to each computer connected to the network. IP address, e.g., 255.255.255.255
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Network layer (continued) Domain Name Systems (DNS) offers easily readable names for IP addresses IP address and DNS name do not always correspond to each other.
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Transport Layer Unreliable Datagram Protocol (UDP) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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Application layer Application protocols, include FTP HTTP Telnet …
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Building blocks of e-commerce (WWW technology) Protocols Browsers Servers Application development structures (e.g., Java, Active X, CGI)
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World Wide Web You mean web is not the same as internet? Web is only a part of internet mainly based on one type of application protocol, namely, HTTP. HTTP:hypertext transfer protocol
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WWW browsers Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browsers include built-in support for HTML (hypertext markup language) and MIME (multimedia internet mail extensions), e.g., image/gif, video/mpeg Plug-ins (added application to help browser display new data type); Scripting (permit executable scripts to be embedded in web pages, e.g., JavaScript or VBScript); Applets (written in Java, downloaded on demand from server) ActiveX controls (used by Internet Explorer), similar to Java applets, but has free control of the computer. Takeaway:Potential customers using less advanced browsers may not be able to access all your features..
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Web Servers AOLserver (free) Apache, most popular web server (free) Microsoft IIS(internet information server)/ASP(active server pages)
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Server API (application programming interface) CGI(the common gateway interface) Server-side scripting Server-side includes (simple) Server-side scripting (Java, JavaScript, VBScript), Microsoft’s ASP is an execution environment for server scripts and control. Database-driven templates Similar to server scripting
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Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) http://assets.wharton.upenn.edu/~min42 http://protocol designator assets.wharton.upenn.eduserver name ~min42pathname to resource
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Web content transport Pull – information is retrieved by the client browser Push – user signs up for a channel of content and relevant information is automatically delivered to the desktop
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Anybody can do it… Source: http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/comm/staff/zakour
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Three levels of web hosting Part of somebody else’s machine assets.wharton.upenn.edu/~min42 www.planetding.comwww.planetding.com (virtual hosting) My machine in other people’s network e.g., Exodus My machine, my network
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Choosing a computer Unix Run Linux on PC Windows NT
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Connect to the internet ISDN (integrated services digital network), 128k point to point connection from the phone company Cable modems (AtHome, can’t be used as server in this area), around 1 Mbps ADSL(asymmetrical digital subscriber line), up to 6 Mbps T1:1.5 Mbps dedicated connection to somebody’s backbone network ($2000/month); T3:45 Mbps ($50,000/month)
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Take Home Message (translation: things to remember for final exam) The concept of protocol suite, and TCP/IP. Understand the roles of browser and servers. What do you need to do to set up your own web server?
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