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Population Dilemmas in Europe. The Geographic Setting One of the smallest continents in size 1/8 th of the population lives there Population Density is.

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Presentation on theme: "Population Dilemmas in Europe. The Geographic Setting One of the smallest continents in size 1/8 th of the population lives there Population Density is."— Presentation transcript:

1 Population Dilemmas in Europe

2 The Geographic Setting One of the smallest continents in size 1/8 th of the population lives there Population Density is shrinking – Why? Oldest population Lowest birthrate

3 Births, Deaths and Migration Total Fertility Rate in Italy = 1 To stop shrinking needs to raise to replacement rate Longer Life expectancies Changing trend in migration: now more migrants to Europe, but still not enough

4 Dependency Ratio Compares the number of people too young (under 16) or too old (over 64) to work with those in the working- age population High dependency ratio = more people to support Low dependency ratio = less people to support Where is Europe?

5 Population Change in Europe From slow to fast to no growth Remember the Demographic Transition Model?

6 Dilemma One: A Shrinking Population Between 2005 and 2050, Italy is expected to shrink from 58 million to about 50 million Causes: – Women wanting to pursue education and careers – Women are waiting to have children – Family planning – High cost of living – Child care

7 Effects: – Declining enrollment in schools results in unemployment and loss of business – Labor shortages, relocating businesses – Smaller militaries

8 Responses: – “birth bonuses” and benefits such as reduced rent and lower taxes – Lowering the cost of children – Providing quality childcare – Paid leave for parents – Flexible work hours

9 Dilemma Two: An Aging Population “Old Continent” By 2050 average age in Spain will be 50, making it the oldest in the world Causes: – Rise in life expectancy – Drop in the birthrate – Baby Boom

10 Effects: – Government Pensions – Government Health care – Only works when a country has a low dependency ratio – Higher taxes

11 Responses: – Cut the amount of money each work receives in pensions – Raise the retirement age – Bonuses to those who delay retirement – Prevention is better than treatment – Home care instead of nursing homes

12 Dilemma Three: A Declining Workforce Causes: – More people retire than enter the workforce – Will increase as baby boomers retire – Dependence Ratio in 2000 was 87 dependents to 100 workers, in 2030 it is estimated to be 100 workers for 121 dependents

13 Effects: – More Jobs for young workers – Decline in highly skilled workers – Businesses may move – Less revenue from taxes

14 Responses: – Keep older workers working – Encourage women to join and stay in the workforce – Move jobs to other parts of the world – Encourage immigration


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