1. © 2010 South-Western/Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 8 Information Technology and Control

2. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Evolution of Organizational Applications of Technology

3. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Information for Decision Making and Control Technology provides vehicle for managers to access information for decision-making Management information systems include: –Information reporting systems –Decision support systems –Executive information systems Technology provides systems for controls: –Executive dashboards –Balance scorecards

4. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Managerial Control and Decision Making

5. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. A Simplified Feedback Control Model

6. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Management Control Systems Formal routines, reports and procedures Formalized information based activities Controls include: –Budgets, financial reports –Reward systems –Quality control systems Managers must define standards and measure performance

7. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Level and Focus of Control Systems Organizational Level: The Balanced Scorecard –Measure financial, customer, employee and market concerns –Comprehensive management control system –Strategy map – visualization of organization success drivers and how they are linked Departmental Level: Behavior versus Outcome Control –How people do their jobs –Outcomes people produce

8. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Major Perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard

9. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Adding Strategic Value Strengthening Internal Coordination with information systems Intranets Web 2.0 Tools Knowledge Management Enterprise Resource Planning

10. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Two Approaches to Knowledge Management

11. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Example of ERP Network

12. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Adding Strategic Value Strengthening External Coordination with information technology –Uses IT to coordinate with suppliers, customers & partners –Supply Chain Management Information linkages are key for coordination Horizontal relationships coordinate the supply chain to meet customer needs

13. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Integrated Enterprise

14. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Customer Relationships Strengthening customer relationships are paramount for organizations –Apply IT tools to build relationship Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems help customers: –Track customer interactions –Maintain sales and service records –Coordinate sales, marketing and customer service Many organizations are applying web technologies to enhance customer relationships: blogs, wikis, social networking

15. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Customer Web Ordering Process

16. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. E-Business Organization Design E-business is any business that takes place over a computer network Many organizations have Internet operations Managers may choose from different E- business strategies: –In-house Division –Spin-Off –Strategic Partnership

17. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. E-business Strategies

18. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. IT Impact on Organization Design Smaller Organizations Decentralized Organizational Structures Improved Horizontal Coordination Improved Interorganizational Relationships Enhanced Network Structures

19. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Key Characteristics of Traditional vs. Emerging Interorganizational Relationships

20. © 2010 South-Western/ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Design Essentials Successful organizations leverage technology Technology aids in better decision-making Organizations must employ controls to measure performance Technology is adding strategic value internally and externally Technology is impacting the design of organizations