2. Heritage The first electron synchrotron in Europe was constructed in Glasgow in the 1950s E = 300 MeV

4. 14 December 1896 19 January 1897

5. Why?

6. Security

7. Cell imaging

8. Security Cell imaging Bioengineering – artificial eyes?

9. To analyse the data produced by the LHC experiments each year will need ~100000 3GHz CPUs We have a 560 CPU farm in this building with 100TBytes storage, connected to a globally-distributed network of computers. The UK particle physics Grid is run from Glasgow.

10. Large open questions

11. Why is the universe here at all?

12. Why is the Universe made of matter and not equally of anti-matter?

13. Where has all the anti-matter gone? Anti-matter The development of the Universe containing matter and no antimatter requires that matter and antimatter behave differently matter

14. C Spatial mirror Make into Anti-Particle P

15. Discovery of CP violation in the B-meson system at Stanford, 2001) A visible difference is detected, but tiny, not enough to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe

16. Since the universe is here, where is all the rest of the matter?

17. Dark Matter Visible Matter False-colour images The brightness of clumps corresponds to the densitydensity of mass.

18. Can also help to unify forces WEAK STRONG GRAVITY ELECTRO- MAGNETIC UNIFIED FORCE?

19. If two particles pass close enough with enough energy, they may form a black hole Black holes at the LHC For 3 spatial dimensions, this will never happen – gravity is too weak. But with extra dimensions, gravity may become stronger, micro black holes can be created in particle collisions Another big question – do we understand the geometry of spacetime?

21. What is mass? How do we get mass into our theory?

22. massless? c?

23. Electricity Magnetism Weak force Electromagnetism Electroweak force

24. Electricity Magnetism Weak force Electromagnetism Electroweak force don’t know mass know properties

26. q q’ W/Z H H t,b g g q q’ H W/Z m H /GeV gg  H qq  WH qq  qqH qq  ZH Br  / fb What happens when colliding protons is entirely probabilistic

27. H t,b g g l l W W

31. Excluded by LHC Experiments