1. “On the implementation of requirements of the PRTR Protocol to the Aarhus Convention” Michael Stanley-Jones Environmental Information Management Officer Environment, Housing and Land Management Division United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING BY ENTERPRISES 4-6 September 2006, Warsaw, Poland

2. 2 UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters 25 June 1998 - Adoption of the Convention at the 4 th Ministerial “Environment for Europe” Conference, Aarhus, Denmark. Signed by 39 countries and the European Community 30 Oct 2001- Entry into force of the Convention 21 May 2003 - Adoption of the Protocol on PRTRs at extra-ordinary meeting of the Parties, within the framework of the 5 th Ministerial “Environment for Europe” Conference (Kiev, Ukraine) From the Aarhus Convention to the Protocol on PRTRs

3. 3 Status of Convention Ratifications AlbaniaArmeniaAustria Azerbaijan BelarusBelgiumBulgariaCyprus Czech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinland Former Yugoslav Rep. of MacedoniaFranceGeorgiaGreeceHungaryItaly Kazakhstan KyrgyzstanLatviaLithuania Luxembourg * Malta Moldova, Rep. of NetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomania SlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenTajikistan TurkmenistanUkraine United Kingdom European Community * Convention total = 39 Parties (PRTR Protocol: 37 Signatories, including Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Serbia & Montenegro. Protocol Parties as 1 Sep 2006 indicated by * )

4. 4 Access to information provisions Selected features of Convention article 5 “Active Dissemination ” Transparency and accessibility of information systems Transparency and accessibility of information systems Immediate dissemination of information in cases of imminent threat to health or environment Immediate dissemination of information in cases of imminent threat to health or environment Sufficient product information to ensure informed environmental choices Sufficient product information to ensure informed environmental choices Pollutant release and transfer registersPollutant release and transfer registers Increased access to information through Internet Increased access to information through Internet Article 5, paragraph 3Article 5, paragraph 3 … each Party to ensure that environmental Information progressively becomes available In electronic databases which are easily accessible to the public through public telecommunication networks

5. 5 Legal basis of PRTR Protocol in Aarhus Convention Legal basis: article 5, para. 9 and article 10, para. 2 (e) and (i) of the Aarhus Convention, requiring each PartyLegal basis: article 5, para. 9 and article 10, para. 2 (e) and (i) of the Aarhus Convention, requiring each Party “to take steps to establish progressively... a coherent, nationwide system of pollution inventories or registers on a structured, computerized and publicly accessible database compiled through standardized reporting.” (art. 5, para. 9) … taking into account international processes and developments, including the elaboration of an appropriate instrument concerning pollution release and transfer registers or inventories ….” (art. 10, para. 2(i) )

6. 6 Facilities and pollutants covered Facilities and pollutants covered General obligations placed on Parties General obligations placed on Parties Obligations placed on owners / operators Obligations placed on owners / operators Elements of reporting Elements of reporting Quality assessment and validation Quality assessment and validation Future steps Future steps and and Possible applications (not required) Possible applications (not required) Requirements of Protocol on PRTRs

7. 7 Facilities covered Facilities covered (annex I) include: Thermal power stations and refineries Mining and metallurgical industries Chemical plants Waste and waste-water management plants Paper and timber industries Intensive livestock production and aquaculture Food and beverage production Textiles, Tanneries, Shipbuilding

8. 8 Pollutants covered Pollutants covered (annex II) include: Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gases Acid rain pollutants Acid rain pollutants Ozone-depleting substances Ozone-depleting substances Heavy metals Heavy metals Certain carcinogens, such as dioxins Certain carcinogens, such as dioxins TOTAL: 86 pollutants N.B. National registers may include additional facilities and substances, e.g. European Union includes 91 individual substances or groups of substances

9. Government Chooses among various technical options for the design of a central, publicly accessibly register to determine the institutional framework required for ensuring a coordinated system of information flow to it Chooses among various technical options for the design of a central, publicly accessibly register to determine the institutional framework required for ensuring a coordinated system of information flow to it Sets forth the rights and responsibilities of Sets forth the rights and responsibilities of various key players, e.g. – the obligation of pollutant-emitting facilities to report, and – the right of the general public to participate in decisions concerning PRTRs

10. 10 1. Institution to manage the national PRTR system (art. 2, para. 5) 2. Structure for inter-agency coordination 3. Appropriate systems for enforcement (art. 3, para. 1) Collection, validation and management of data 4. Collection of data submitted by owners or operators of reporting facilities (art. 7, paras. 2 and 5) facilities (art. 7, paras. 2 and 5) 5. Assessment of the quality of the data collected in terms of completeness, consistency and credibility (art. 10, para. 2) of completeness, consistency and credibility (art. 10, para. 2) 6. Collection of information on releases from diffuse sources (art. 7, para. 4) (art. 7, para. 4) 8. Development and management of a register comprising a structured, computerized database able to maintain data a structured, computerized database able to maintain data for 10 reporting years (art. 4, para. (j) and art. 5, para. 3) for 10 reporting years (art. 4, para. (j) and art. 5, para. 3) 9. Dissemination of information and training (arts. 8, 11 and 15). Elements explicitly set forth in the Protocol or implicit in its requirements

11. 11 Basic obligation of operators To submit the information specified with respect to those pollutants and waste for which thresholds were exceeded Each Party decides with respect to a particular pollutant to apply either a release threshold or a manufacture, process or use (MPU) threshold will be used Facility operators do not choose under which requirement (pollutant threshold or MPU) to report

12. 12 Reporting requirements of operators Reporting requirements of operators ( Article 7 - continued) ( Article 7 - continued) Each Party shall require owners or operators of facilities specified in annex I who Release any pollutant specified in annex II in quantities exceeding Release any pollutant specified in annex II in quantities exceeding applicable thresholds, applicable thresholds, Transfer off-site any pollutant in annex II in quantities exceeding Transfer off-site any pollutant in annex II in quantities exceeding applicable thresholds, applicable thresholds, Transfer off-site hazardous waste exceeding 2 tons per year Transfer off-site hazardous waste exceeding 2 tons per year or other waste exceeding 2,000 tons per year, where the Party has or other waste exceeding 2,000 tons per year, where the Party has opted for waste-specific reporting (as in the European Union) opted for waste-specific reporting (as in the European Union) Transfer off-site any pollutant specified in annex II in waste water Transfer off-site any pollutant specified in annex II in waste water destined for waste-water treatment in quantities exceeding the applicable destined for waste-water treatment in quantities exceeding the applicable threshold thresholdor Undertake one or more activities specified in annex I at or above Undertake one or more activities specified in annex I at or above the employee threshold specified in annex I, and the employee threshold specified in annex I, and Manufacture, process or uses any pollutant specified in annex II Manufacture, process or uses any pollutant specified in annex II

13. 13 Specific reporting elements Name, street address, geographical location and activities Name, street address, geographical location and activities of the reporting facility Name of the owner or operator and, as appropriate, company Name of the owner or operator and, as appropriate, company Name and numerical identifier of each specified pollutant Name and numerical identifier of each specified pollutant Amount of each specified pollutant released to the environment, Amount of each specified pollutant released to the environment, both in aggregate and according to whether release is to air, to both in aggregate and according to whether release is to air, to water, or to land, including underground injection water, or to land, including underground injectioneither amount of each pollutant transferred off-site in the reporting amount of each pollutant transferred off-site in the reporting year, distinguishing between amounts for disposal and for recovery, year, distinguishing between amounts for disposal and for recovery,and name and address of facility receiving the transfer, name and address of facility receiving the transfer,or amount of waste transferred off-site, distinguishing between amount of waste transferred off-site, distinguishing between hazardous waste and other waste, for any operations, indicating hazardous waste and other waste, for any operations, indicating whether waste is destined for recovery or disposal whether waste is destined for recovery or disposal and for transboundary movements of hazardous waste, name and address of the recoverer or disposer and name and address of the recoverer or disposer and actual site receiving the transfer actual site receiving the transfer

14. 14 Reporting elements (continued) Amount of each specified pollutant in waste water transferred off-site Amount of each specified pollutant in waste water transferred off-site Type of methodology used to derive information on amounts, Type of methodology used to derive information on amounts, indicating whether based on measurement, calculation or estimation indicating whether based on measurement, calculation or estimation (M, C, E) (M, C, E) Information to include releases and transfers from routine and from Information to include releases and transfers from routine and from extraordinary events extraordinary events Owners or operators to be required to collect releases and transfers Owners or operators to be required to collect releases and transfers data needed “with appropriate frequency”, and to data needed “with appropriate frequency”, and to Records of the data from which the reported information was derived Records of the data from which the reported information was derived must be kept available for the competent authorities for 5 years, must be kept available for the competent authorities for 5 years, including description of M, C or E. including description of M, C or E.

15. 15 Quality assessment (Article 10) Owners or operators are to assure the quality of the information Owners or operators are to assure the quality of the information they report they report Quality assessment of data duty of the Parties, in particular as to Quality assessment of data duty of the Parties, in particular as to completeness – consistency – credibility completeness – consistency – credibility taking into account guidelines developed by the MOP taking into account guidelines developed by the MOP Draft Guidance to implementation of the Protocol on PRTRs Draft Guidance to implementation of the Protocol on PRTRs Penultimate version released 31 July 2006 available on Penultimate version released 31 July 2006 available on web sites of UNECE Working Group on PRTRs and WGEMA

16. 16 ‘Best Available Information’ (BAI) standard (article 9, para. 2) Owners or operators of facilities required to ensure the quality of information they report and to use “best available information” ‘Best available information’ may include monitoring data monitoring data emission factors emission factors mass balance mass balance equations equations indirect monitoring or other calculations indirect monitoring or other calculations engineering judgments, and engineering judgments, and other methods other methods Nb. EU adopting more stringent guidance on BAI

17. 17 Quality assurance and control Calibration and maintenance of the monitoring system Calibration and maintenance of the monitoring system Use of recognized quality management systems Use of recognized quality management systems Periodic checks by an external accredited laboratory Periodic checks by an external accredited laboratory Certification of instruments and personnel under Certification of instruments and personnel under recognized certification schemes recognized certification schemes Elements for guidelines on strengthening environmental Elements for guidelines on strengthening environmental monitoring and reporting by enterprises, para 36 (i) monitoring and reporting by enterprises, para 36 (i) (ECE/CEP/AC.10/2006/4) (ECE/CEP/AC.10/2006/4)

18. 18 Validation Where appropriate, validation should be done in accord Where appropriate, validation should be done in accord with internationally approved methodologies with internationally approved methodologies e.g. ISO, European Committee for Standardization (CEN) e.g. ISO, European Committee for Standardization (CEN) However, in some cases, national or sector methodologies may be superior to Internationally-approved ones, or such approval may be pending (“HOT ISSUE”) Validation of data may be more easily achievable if Validation of data may be more easily achievable if responsibility is delegated to local or regional authorities responsibility is delegated to local or regional authorities or to the regional or local offices of national authorities, or to the regional or local offices of national authorities, since they will be closer to the operators and are more likely since they will be closer to the operators and are more likely to have an overview of their activities to have an overview of their activities Guidance on validation is evolving Guidance on validation is evolving

19. 19 Next steps for Protocol’s future implementation Setting up the Protocol’s institutional architecture:Setting up the Protocol’s institutional architecture: –rules of procedure and compliance review mechanism –financial arrangements –technical assistance mechanism, –international cooperation and reporting u International PRTR Coordinating Group u SAICM / ICCM etc Completion of technical guidance on implementationCompletion of technical guidance on implementation Further guidance on dissemination of PRTR informationFurther guidance on dissemination of PRTR information or data users’ guide suggested or data users’ guide suggested

20. 20 Possible future applications Pan-European Environment and Health Information System (Environment-for-Europe Ministerial Conference / WHO Europe)Pan-European Environment and Health Information System (Environment-for-Europe Ministerial Conference / WHO Europe) Commercial property management information systems (“due diligence” research, e.g. Environment Agency of England and Wales)Commercial property management information systems (“due diligence” research, e.g. Environment Agency of England and Wales) Integration into Global Reporting Initiative, Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), and evolving ISO standards and OECD guidelinesIntegration into Global Reporting Initiative, Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), and evolving ISO standards and OECD guidelines SAICM national performance tracking under ICCMSAICM national performance tracking under ICCM Convergence of regional PRTR systems (North American Taking Stock, European PRTR, East Asia?)Convergence of regional PRTR systems (North American Taking Stock, European PRTR, East Asia?)

21. 21 PRTR success story “For the 10-year period from 1988 to 1997, atmospheric emissions of some 260 known carcinogens and reproductive toxins from the United States Toxics Release Inventory reporting facilities have been reduced by approximately 85% in the State of California, and by some 42% in the rest of the country (i.e., for all chemicals listed in California as known to cause either cancer or reproductive toxicity and reported as air emissions under TRI ).” From P. Sand (2002)

22. 22 MORE INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THE AARHUS CONVENTION WEBSITE: http://www.unece.org/env/pp/prtr Aarhus Clearinghouse http://aarhusclearinghouse.unece.org