1. The Heart (and other stuff) What goes around… comes around Sam Boblenz James Chang Audra Irvine

2. LAB ALERT Yes, you have to do a lab. Get out your lab notebooks, and find: LAB E (AP LAB 10): Physiology of the Circulatory System No pre-lab Work in pairs Get out those sphygmomanometers and stethoscopes and timers! Last sheet is the DATA SHEET Questions at the end Sign that HONOR CODE! Y’know, the one that says nec dedi nec auxilium non probatum in hoc opere recepi. But wait! You still need to know some things first! It won’t take long, hopefully

3. All Things Bright and Beautiful Large and small, simple and complex… Simple animals  GVC  E.g. cnidarians GVC  Digestion and circulation

4. Elaborate GVCs Oxymoron, much? Jellyfish! Figure 42.2 Circular canal Radial canal 5 cm Mouth

5. Complex but still real Closed and open Both have three things:  Circulatory fluid  Set of tubes  Muscular pump

6. Open Door Policy Insects, arthropods, molluscs “Blood bath” Heart Hemolymph in sinuses surrounding organs Anterior vessel Tubular heart Lateral vessels Ostia (a) An open circulatory system Figure 42.3a

7. Isolationists Confined and distinct More efficient Blood vessels + 2-4 chambered heart Humans… Figure 42.3b Interstitial fluid Heart Small branch vessels in each organ Dorsal vessel (main heart) Ventral vessels Auxiliary hearts (b) A closed circulatory system

8. Sploosh A fish heart - two main chambers OOne ventricle and one atrium Blood pumped from the ventricle TTravels to the gills, where it picks up O 2 and disposes of CO 2 An amphibian heart - three chambers TTwo atria and one ventricle Blood pumped from the ventricle into a forked artery TThat splits the ventricle’s output into the pulmocutaneous circuit and the systemic circuit

9. “Air-id” Reptiles have double circulation  Pulmonary circuit (lungs) w/ systemic circuit Turtles, snakes, and lizards: three- chambered heart In all mammals and birds  The ventricle: completely divided into separate right and left chambers The left side: only oxygen-rich blood The right side: only oxygen-poor blood Adaptation to endothermic way of life – powerful four- chambered heart

10. Spine required FISHES AMPHIBIANSREPTILES (EXCEPT BIRDS)MAMMALS AND BIRDS Systemic capillaries Lung capillaries Lung and skin capillariesGill capillaries Right Left RightLeft Right Left Systemic circuit Pulmocutaneous circuit Pulmonary circuit Systemic circulation Vein Atrium (A) Heart: ventricle (V) Artery Gill circulation A V V VVV A A A AA Left Systemic aorta Right systemic aorta Figure 42.4

11. The Anatomy of the Heart (an IB topic) 6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves, and the route of blood through the heart. (J00TUBE VIDEO) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xagO nC6sZEU&feature=related Schoolhouse Rock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgDQN- pvyqw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgDQN- pvyqw

12. To Σ it ↑, Pulmonary vein Right atrium Right ventricle Posterior vena cava Capillaries of abdominal organs and hind limbs Aorta Left ventricle Left atrium Pulmonary vein Pulmonary artery Capillaries of left lung Capillaries of head and forelimbs Anterior vena cava Pulmonary artery Capillaries of right lung Aorta Figure 42.5 1 10 11 5 4 6 2 9 3 3 7 8

13. THE HEART lub-dub, lub-dub… Figure 42.6 Aorta Pulmonary veins Semilunar valve Atrioventricular valve Left ventricle Right ventricle Anterior vena cava Pulmonary artery Semilunar valve Atrioventricular valve Posterior vena cava Pulmonary veins Right atrium Pulmonary artery Left atrium

14. Veins of Glass (and arteries clogged with butter?) The flow of blood and relative size of the tubes:

15. The Structure and Functions of… Arteries  The walls - smooth muscle  Transport blood away from the heart  Transport oxygenated blood only  except pulmonary artery Veins  The walls - three layers of tissues  Valves - aid the return of blood to the heart  Transport blood towards the heart  Transport deoxygenated blood only  except pulmonary vein

16. Capillaries From the Latin capillus, hair Tiny (extremely narrow) blood vessels  5-20 μm in diameter; 1 μm = 0.000001 m In most organs and tissues  supplied by arterioles, drained by venules. Walls - one cell thick (see diagram)  permits exchanges Functions  Supply  Remove  Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, salts, etc.,

17. One diagram to rule them all and in the biology room, bind them. There are more differences than just size, see?

18. The masterminds, er, people at IB want you to know… Arteries  Away from heart  Oxygenated Blood  Narrow lumens  More muscle/elastic tissue  Higher pressure than vains  No valves Veins  Towards the heart  De-oxygenated Blood  Wide lumens  Less muscle/elastic tissue  Lower pressure than arteries  Have valves

19. The Pressure to avoid Disease Blood pressure and cardiac diseases http://www.interactive- tutorials.com/_mshost366568/tutorial/fo lder019/resources/highBloodPressure_ Final_11_13_03/index.html This interactive tutorial ties in adrenaline and the diseases of the heart, both of which are IB standards. It also doesn’t hurt for reinforcing the knowledge.