1. BIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATIONS

2. I. THE CONCEPT OF DENSITY DEPENDENCE I. THE CONCEPT OF DENSITY DEPENDENCE u Vital rates change as density changes

3. I. THE CONCEPT OF DENSITY DEPENDENCE I. THE CONCEPT OF DENSITY DEPENDENCE u Vital rates change as density changes u Evidence for density dependence

4. II. LIMITATION AND REGULATION OF POPULATIONS u Limiting factors u any environmental factor quantifiably affecting population growth u biotic and abiotic

5. II. LIMITATION AND REGULATION OF POPULATIONS u Limiting factors u Regulating factors u density-dependent factors (depress growth as N increases) u biotic (competition, predation, disease)

6. III. LOGISTIC MODEL OF POPULATION GROWTH III. LOGISTIC MODEL OF POPULATION GROWTH

8. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A. Food As a Proximate Cause

9. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION u Food supplementation experiments u home-range size declined u home-range overlap increased u the breeding season was lengthened u litter sizes increased in poor habitat u population density increased 2-3 fold

10. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A. Food As a Proximate Cause Limitation? Yes Regulation? No

11. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A. Food As a Proximate Cause

13. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A. Food As a Proximate Cause

14. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A. Food As a Proximate Cause B. Space As a Proximate Cause

15. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A. Food As a Proximate Cause B. Space As a Proximate Cause C. Effects of Competition on Vital Rates u Dispersal rate…

16. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION u Dispersal rate u lower survival rate of dispersers u nondispersers survive better

17. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION C. Effects of Competition on Vital Rates u Survival rate: Juvenile mammals u snowshoe hares

18. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION C. Effects of Competition on Vital Rates u Survival rate: Juvenile mammals

19. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION u Survival rate: A dult mammals

20. IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION IV. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION u Fertility rate (Inversity)