1. Day 2 SAT2 U.S. History Review

2. Religion in the Colonies Halfway Covenant (changed from grace of God requirement to just having baptised parents) Salem witch trials (1692, hysteria over the idea of anti-religion and witchcraft) Great Awakening Between 1730 and 1760 Jonathan Edwards (Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God)—severe predestination of Calvinism George Whitfield--)— based on emotion and spirituality, nowadays in Southern Evangelism

3. Life in the Colonies Over 90% rural (not in cities) Population increased from 250,000 in 1700 to 1.25 million in 1750 Over 200,000 blacks, majority in SC Women did housekeeping and childcare, Men farmed Social interaction with other families rare Cities had many poor people and immigrants Most people could not read and write

4. Road to Independence Albany Plan of Union (7 colonies met there, first attempt for intercolonial government and collect taxes. Also attempted to negotiate a treaty with the Iroquois League Plan was rejected because they didn’t want to give up the right to decide their own taxes or own choices Franklin’s response was a famous political cartoon.

5. “Join or Die” Benjamin Franklin

6. Seven Years War Actually lasted from 1754-1763 Called the French and Indian War in the United States, Seven Years War in Europe First time Americans served in the English army Problem: The English did not treat the Americans as equals, fostering resentment French wanted to protect their fur territory British won, and they received most of the French territory in North America

7. Native American Problems and Solutions Problems: Native Americans didn’t like the fact that one side won— previously they were playing one side against the other English raised prices on goods for them, because they had a monopoly They also stopped paying rent on their forts in the West There was a rebellion led by Pontiac (near modern-day Detroit), Pontiac’s Rebellion/Uprising Solutions Proclamation of 1763 This forbid settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, but it was too late and it made the American colonists angry. It also set a pattern of white people making laws to cover Native Americans to their disadvantage (Indian Removal Act of 1830, starting a long cycle of abuse)

8. 1763: The Beginnings of Change Problems for England: They have to pay for the war. They can’t afford to follow salutatory neglect any longer. The Proclamation of 1763 was the first attempt to legislate the colonist’s movements. Problems for the Colonies England has to pay for this all. Since France has been defeated, England doesn’t have to worry about keeping them in good favor anymore. The colonists start running into issues with England.

9. Proclamation of 1763 The dark red is the limits of the colonies of 1763 The pink is the area that was supposed to be for Native Americans only The orange is Spanish property.

10. Acts to Raise Money for England Currency Act (1763) – forbade colonies from printing their own money Sugar Act (1764) – tried to prevent smuggling of molasses, and for better enforcement of duty payments Stamp Act (1765) – first direct tax to raise revenue, ended policy of self-taxation, broad- based tax, but mainly affecting lawyers and the most literate parts (most offensively to the colonists: Taxation without Representation)

11. Opposition to the Stamp Act Patrick Henry, Virginia Stamp Act Resolves, protest of the tax by the legislature Protect groups, including “Sons of Liberty Protests were so severe that none of the duty collectors accepted the job due to fears of safety Act repealed in 1766

12. Townshend Acts (1767) Taxed goods directly from England (encouraged under mercantilism) Part of tax raised paid collectors, so that the legislature couldn’t just refuse to pay the salary More government bureaucracy in the colonies New York Legislature suspended because they refusedto pay for soldier housing Writs of Assistance – If they think you are smuggling goods, the English can search the property All duties repealed in 1770 except tea tax Acts expanded in 1772

13. Rebellion against the Townshend Acts Large number of troops needed in Boston (4,000 troops for 16,000 people) Soldiers tried to get off-hours jobs, which made jobs for locals harder to find and to pay less Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770. A mob pelted soldiers with snowballs with rock, so the soldiers fired back and killed five innocent people.

14. The Final Straws British gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea (1773) in order to collect a new tax Dec 16, 1773: Colonists boarded a ship and dumped 10,000 pounds (money) of tea Coercive “Intolerable” Acts: Closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for Tightened control over Mass. Government Required citizens to house soldiers Quebec Act granted greater liberties to Catholics, expanded Quebec Territory to limit colonial expansion

15. Boston Tea Party

16. Resistance Step 1 First Continental Congress came together in late 1774 Many different viewpoints represented Agreed to boycott English goods Set up Committees of Observation to enforce boycott (became a quasi- government) Agreed to a list of laws they wanted repealed

17. Step 2: Committees of Resistance Expanded powers in winter 1774/spring 1775 Led acts such as collecting taxes, disrupting court sessions and organizing militias and weapons John Adams: “This was the beginning..of the real American Revolution”

18. Step 3: First Shots April 1775, Lexington, to try to disarm “Minutemen” militia This was a skirmish; the real battle was in Concord, and the English lost 18 soldiers Both groups dug in around Boston July 1775—Second Continental Congress started to prepare for war by printing money, making bureaucratic offices, establishing army, led by George Washington (who was well-liked and a Southerner, and they were weakest in their support of the war) Patriots were White Protestant Property holders, urban citizens, gentry Other group: Loyalists (government officials, devout Episcopals/Anglicans, merchants who traded with England, peaceful groups such as the Quakers) AP/SAT does not cover military history, so no more battle information

19. Battle of Lexington

20. The Book to Rally Them All Thomas Paine, January 1776, “Common Sense” Argued for independence and republicanism over monarchy Sold over 100,000 copies This influenced intellectuals, and inspired the Declaration of Independence (June-July 1776)

21. Which led to this…