1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show.” To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or the space bar. From the resources slide, click on any resource to see a presentation for that resource. From the Chapter menu screen click on any lesson to go directly to that lesson’s presentation. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key. How to Use This Presentation

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Bellringers Transparencies Standardized Test Prep Math Skills Visual Concepts Resources

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Waves Table of Contents Section 1 Types of Waves Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Section 3 Interactions of Waves Chapter 14

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Recognize that waves transfer energy. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Explain the relationship between particle vibration and wave motion. Distinguish between transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Bellringer 1.Imagine throwing a rock into a pond or lake. Describe the effect that the rock has on the surface of the water. 2.When surfing, a person moves just ahead of a wave. Where does the energy come from to move the surfer through the water? 3.What happens to a string on a guitar or other stringed instrument when it is plucked? 4.When a musician strikes two cymbals together, the cymbals will begin to vibrate and make music. How does the musician stop the music? Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu What Is a Wave? A wave is a periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium. Waves carry energy through matter or space. Most waves travel through a medium. The matter through which a wave travels is called the medium. Waves that require a medium are called mechanical waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Formation and Movement of Ocean Waves Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu What Is a Wave?, continued Light does not require a medium. Light waves consist of changing electric and magnetic fields in space. Light waves are called electromagnetic waves. An electromagnetic wave consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which radiate outward at the speed of light. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Electromagnetic Waves Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu What Is a Wave?, continued Waves transfer energy. Energy may spread out as a wave travels. When sound waves travel in air, the waves spread out in spheres. As they travel outward, the spherical wave fronts get bigger, so the energy in the waves spreads out over a larger area. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Tsunami Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Vibrations and Waves Waves are related to vibrations. Most waves are caused by a vibrating object. Electromagnetic waves may be caused by vibrating charged particles. In a mechanical wave, the particles in the medium also vibrate as the wave passes through the medium. Vibrations involve transformations of energy. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Wave Model Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Vibrations and Waves, continued Whenever a spring is expanded or compressed, it is exerting a force that pushes the mass back almost to the original resting position. As a result, the mass will continue to bounce up and down. This type of vibration is called simple harmonic motion. A wave can pass through a series of vibrating objects. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Wave Model Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Vibrations and Waves, continued If the first mass were not connected to the other masses, it would keep vibrating up and down on its own. However, because it transfers its energy to the second mass, it slows down and then returns to its resting position. A vibration that fades out as energy is transferred from one object to another is called damped harmonic motion. The motion of particles in a medium is like the motion of masses on springs. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Particles in a medium can vibrate either up and down or back and forth. Waves are often classified by the direction that the particles in the medium move as a wave passes by. Transverse waves have perpendicular motion. A transverse wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. Light waves are transverse waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Transverse Wave Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal waves have parallel motion. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion. Sound waves are longitudinal waves. In a surface wave, particles move in circles. Surface waves occur at the boundary between two different mediums, such as between water and air. The particles move both perpendicularly and parallel to the direction that the wave travels. Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Longitudinal Wave Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Water Wave Motion Section 1 Types of Waves Chapter 14