1. 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on
Traditional & Alternative Medicine
August 03-05, 2015 Birmingham, UK 
In Association with
Presented By
Name: AWOTUNDE OLUWASEGUN SAMSON
Country: NIGERIA/ UGANDA

2. Assessment of the liver, kidney function parameters and enzyme activities in male wister rats administered with Aqueous Extract of Massularia acuminata root

3. Introduction
The incidence of sexual inadequacy in human males, has led to the development of a number of treatment options.
This has necessitated the need for more pharmacological research on safer,cheaper natural treatment options.

4. Among the plants which have been reported to be used for the management of MSD in some parts of Africa is Massularia acuminata root.
Among the plants which have been reported to be used for the management of MSD in some parts of Africa is Massularia acuminata root.

5. •Massularia acuminata (pako ijebu)belongs to the family Rubiceae.
• it is a small tropical plant growing up to 5m high and is distributed from Sierria Leone through Nigeria to Zaire,
Plate 1: Massularia acuminata root
Plate 1: Massularia acuminata root
From our previous study it was established that the aqueous extract of the root posses androgenic potential in male Wister rats.

6. Objective of the study
This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effect of the administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root on liver function parameters, kidney function parameters and some selected enzyme activities in male rats, with a view to evaluating and validating its safety.

7. Materials The sample of the plant was obtained from herb sellers at
Ijebu-ode, Ogun state, Nigeria.
It was authenticated at the
Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
(FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria where a voucher
specimen (FHI107644) was deposited.
Albino rats were obtained from animal holding unit of University of Ilorin.

8. Assay kits The assay kits for gamma-
glutamyl transferase, alkaline
phosphatase and acid phosphatase,
were products
of human Gessellscchaft fiir
Biochemica und Diagnostica
mbh Max-planck-Ring21-D65205
Wiesbaden-Germany.
Other reagents All other reagents used were
of analytical grade and were
prepared in all glass
distilled water.

9. Methods This study consist of three investigations:
Preliminary chemical screening.
Enzyme activities studies.
Liver Function studies.
Kidney Function studies.

10. Preliminary chemical screening
Qualitative and Quantitative analysis
The methods described by Sofowora (1993), Edeoga et al (2005), Van-Burden and Robinson( 1981), Obadoni and Ochuko( 2001), and (El-Olemy et al ., 1994) were used

11. Enzyme activities
Alkaline phosphatase was determined by Optimized standard method according to the recommendations of the German Clinical Chemistry Association was used.
Acid phosphatase activity was determined by the method of Hillman
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase was determined by Kinetic colorimetric method

12. FUNCTION STUDIES The methods used for the determination include;
Tietz (1995),
Doumas et al.,(1971)
Veniamin and Vakirtzi (1970) and
Blass et al., (1979)

13. Animal grouping and extract administration
male rats were randomly grouped into four groups (A, B, C and D) of 15 animals each. Rats in groups B, C and D were administered orally with the plant extract once daily at 24hr interval at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight respectively for 21 days.

14. Plate 4: Extract administration by one of the authors

15. Statistical analysis
Results were expressed as the mean of five replicates ± SD except for the phytochemical analysis
Means were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and values of P< 0.05 were considered statistically significant (Mahajan, 1997).

16. Table 1: Phytochemical constituent of Massularia acuminata root
Phytochemicals
% Concentration
Alkaloids
0.036±0.001
Steroids
Not detected
Anthraquinone
0.031±0.001
Cardenolides
Dienolides
Saponins
0.207±0.02
Phenolics
1.09±0.05
Flavonoids
0.038±0.002
Cardiac glycosides
Tannins
0.720±0.04
Triterpenes
n = 3 ± SD

17. Enzyme Activity Fig 4: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum alklaine phosphatase activity a b d e f c 20 40 60 80
100
120
140 1 7 21
Days of administration
Enzyme activity (U/I)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

18. Fig 8: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum gamma glutamyl transferase activity a b d c e 20 40 60 80
100
120 1 7 21
Days of administration
Enzyme activity (U/I)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

19. on male rat serum acid phosphatase activity a d c b
Fig 10: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum acid phosphatase activity a d c b 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1 7 21
Days of administration
Enzyme activity (U/I)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

20. Liver Function b a Days of administration
Fig 11: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum albumin concentration a b 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum albumin concnetration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

21. Fig 12: Effect of administration of Massularia acuminata root
on male rat serum globulin concentration a b d c 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1 7 21
Days of administration
Enzyme activity (U/I)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

22. Fig 13: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum total bilirubin concentration a b c
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum bilirubin concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

23. Fig 14: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum conjugated bilirubin concentration a c b
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum bilirubin concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

24. Kidney function Fig 15: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum sodium ion concnetration a d b e c 20 40 60 80
100
120
140
160 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum sodium ion concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

25. Fig 16: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum potassium ion concentration a d c b 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum potassium ion concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

26. Fig 17: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum calcium ion concentration a b c 5 10 15 20 25 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum calcium ion concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

27. Fig 18: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum creatinine concentration a d b e c 20 40 60 80
100
120 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum creatinine concnetration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

28. Fig 19: Effect of administration of aqueous extract of
Massularia acuminata
root
on male rat serum urea concentration a b c 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 7 21
Days of administration
Serum urea concentration (mmol/L)
Control
50 mg/kg body weight
100 mg/kg body weight
200 mg/kg body weight

29. Conclusion
Alterations in the normal levels of enzyme activities, liver and kidney function parameters after administration of Massularia acuminata root might adversely affect the normal functioning of the biomolecules and by extension, the organs.

30. Acknowledgment
Part of this research was supported by the international Foundation for Science (IFS), Stockholm, Sweden, through a grant to
Prof. M.T Yakubu
(grant number F/ and F/3977-2).

31. Meet the eminent gathering once again at Traditional Medicine-2016 London, UK October 03-05, 2016
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