2. 1.REMAND: when a case is sent back to a lower court for retrial 2.Criminal Case: a law has been broken 3.Civil Case: a disagreement between two parties 4.Jurisdiction: the ability of a court to hear and decide a case 5.Acquittal: found not-guilty

3. 6. Judicial Activism: Justices take into account not only the law but also their opinions and other issues 7. Judicial Restraint: Justices make a decision based solely on the lawand take nothing else intoconsideration. 8. Dissenting/Minority Opinion: written by a Justice who voted against the majority 9. Majority Opinion: Written by a Justice who voted with more than half the other Justices

4. 10. Concurring Opinion: written by a Justice who voted with the majority but for a different reason 11. William Marbury: Brought suit in the Supreme Court to obtain his position as Justice of the Peace in Washington DC 12. Secretary of State Madison: named in the law suit by William Marbury 13. President John Adams: wrote out federal appointments before he left office

5. 14. President Thomas Jefferson: refused to deliver the appointments of the “Midnight Judges” 15. Precedent: a prior case decision that can be used to help strengthen a current case 16. Chief Justice: The head of the Supreme Court 17. Associate Justice: the other 8 Justices 18. Felony: Conviction of this serious crime can take away your right to vote or own a weapon

6. 19. Indictment: A charge handed down by a grand jury that says there is enough evidence for a trial 20. Arraignment: a court appearance where a defendant pleads guilty or not- guilty to a charge 21. Capital Punishment: death penalty 22. Plea Bargaining: a defendant makes a deal to plead guilty for a lesser sentence 23. Misdemeanor: A minor crime not as serious as a felony but more serious than an infraction

7. 24. Property Crime: Crime such as burglary, theft, shoplifting, or vandalism that takes money or property but does not use force or threat of force 25. Prosecutor: public official (lawyer) who can begin legal proceedings against someone or conduct a case against adefendant in a criminal court. 26. Violent Crime: when an offender uses or threatens force on a victim

8. 27. Insanity Plea: Claim that the defendant is not responsible for his or her actions because they were not aware of what they were doing. 28. Civil Suit: a case involving a disagreement but no law has been broken 29. Criminal Case: a defendant has been accused of breaking a law

9. 1.a. appellate: hearing a case on appeal from a lower court b. Exclusive: only one court can hear the case c. Original: the first court to hear a case d. Concurrent: either a federal or State court can hear a case 2. A court calendar of when a case will be heard

10. 3. Judicial and Executive 4. Original, appellate, and exclusive 5. Federal District Court 6. It is the highest court, you have nowhere else to appeal 7. Life 8. Presides over the Supreme Court 9. Judicial Review, the ability of the Supreme Court to declare something unconstitutional

11. 10. Supreme Court: Highest court, it has original, appellate, and exclusive jurisdiction as well as the power of judicial review Federal Court of Appeals: Hears cases appealed from lower courts Federal District Courts: Federal system’s trial courts, they have juries and decide innocence or guilt

12. 11. The Justices serve many more years and can effect law through their rulings 12. to protect them from concern that they may be dismissed if their rulings are unpopularand to protect them from political pressure 13. 14 th 14. Arrest, charge with a crime, arraignment, grand jury, trial, sentencing

13. 15. their case load is very heavy and they must give each side the same amount of time to present their case. 16. He established the Supreme Court as an equal branch with the executive and legislative