1. Adaptive or Specific Immune Response
B Cells
Adaptive or Specific Immune Response

2. Lymphatic system Looks similar to circulatory system
Primary lymphoid organs: bone marrow and thymus
Lymphocytes develop and mature
Circulating lymphocytes parole for foreign cells or substances “immune surveillance”

3. Lymphocytes develop from stem cells in bone marrow

4. Lymph Nodes Secondary lymphoid organs
Junctions where circulating lymphocytes lie and wait for pathogens
Infection causes lymphocytes to multiply
Lymph nodes swell
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5. Bone Marrow hemopoietic stem cells Form of adult stem cells
Do not have a specific function yet
Can develop into any blood cell
Red blood cells, platelets, T-cells, macrophages, B cells
Today, we’re learning about B cells
Humorial mediated immunity
Take care of free antigens floating in blood
info/myelo/myelo-2.htm

6. B-cells: One type of lymphocyte
2 main lymphocytes
B cell
Matures in bone marrow
T cell
Primary role: produce antibodies to a specific antigen
Each B cell has one certain antibody
Each cell covered with thousands of these identical antibodies

7. Antibodies(Ab) A family of proteins encoded by Immunoglobin gene
Constant region puts Ab(antibodies) in one of five classes of Ab
1. IgM
2. IgA
Major in intestinal and respiratory lining
3. IgD
4. IgG
Major response against bacteria
5. IgE
Allergic responses

8. Antibodies Defense against antigens
Immune system related proteins called immunoglobins
Amino acids vary in variable region at antigen binding site
Many different variable regions

9. B cells recognize an antigen
B cells antibodies act as receptors on cell surface
Recognize antigen
Signal B cell to start dividing
Proliferation=divide and multiply rapidly

10. B cells proliferate Activated B cells become 1. Plasma cells
Live for a few days
Tiny factories that produce thousands of antibodies(Ab)
Ab now are free to float through body
2. Memory cells
Live for a lifetime
Body is ready for next time you encounter same pathogen

11. Antibodies 1. Neutralize antigen 2. Antibody promotes phagocytosis
Coats pathogen
Prevents it from causing disease
Causes it to clot
2. Antibody promotes phagocytosis
Mark them for destruction

12. Overview of B cell Activation
Macrophage “eating vaccuum” eats bacteria
B cell sees antigen
Becomes plasma cell to make Ab
Ab latches onto free bacteria
B cell also becomes memory cell for next time(not shown)

13. Blood Typing
Blood type depends on presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells
Most familiar is A, B and O
Blood type A has A antigens
Blood type B has B antigens
Type AB has both A and B
antigens
Type O has neither

14. Rh factors Rh factor: another blood protein
Found when we were studying rhesus monkeys
Either you have it or you don’t
B- means B with no Rh
AB + means AB with RH present

15. Rh Sickness Important for pregnant mothers to know Rh factors of baby
Baby may inherit Rh from father
Ex. Rh- mom may have Rh+ baby
If fetal blood gets into mother’s bloodstream during labor
Mom makes antibodies against Rh protein
Attacks baby blood causing anemia, brain damage and even death
Baby may need blood transfusion
Treatment: inect RhIg and/or induce labor

16. Wrong Blood Type
Body will produce antibodies to proteins you don’t have
Antibodies coat foreign blood cells
Cause it to clot together
May block blood vessels and cause serious health risks
Jessica Santillan
@Duke University
17 years old girl
O + blood type
Received type A organs during a transplant