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Civil Rights Movement CHAPTER 23 NOTES. Section 1- Early Demands for Equality.

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Presentation on theme: "Civil Rights Movement CHAPTER 23 NOTES. Section 1- Early Demands for Equality."— Presentation transcript:

1 Civil Rights Movement CHAPTER 23 NOTES

2 Section 1- Early Demands for Equality

3  1)What is the difference between de jure segregation and de facto segregation? (pp. 784-785)  De jure segregation  segregation by law (such as through the Jim Crow laws)  De facto segregation  segregation by norms and customs  2)What tactics did CORE (Congress on Racial Equality) use? (p. 785)  Nonviolent methods– protests.  3)Who was the first African-American to play baseball in the major leagues? (p. 785)  Jackie Robinson

4  4)What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)? (p.787)  ‘separate but equal’ is inherently unequal; segregation of public places was unconstitutional.  a.What prominent African-American brought the case to the Supreme Court? (p.787)  Thurgood Marshall  b.What Supreme Court case did it overturn?  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

5  5)What happened in Little Rock, Arkansas? How did Eisenhower respond? (pp. 788-789)  9 high-schoolers enrolled in all-white Central High following the Brown decision.  The governor (Orville Faubus) used the National Guard to block the students’ entrance.  Eisenhower did not approve of a state defying a Supreme Court decision, so he sent in federal troops, who escorted the students into the school each day.

6  6)What was the Civil Rights Act of 1957 established to investigate? (p. 789)  Violations of civil rights.  7)What protest did Rosa Parks start? (p. 789-790)  Montgomery bus boycott  8)How did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. want protest to be carried out? (p. 791)  Non-violent  9)Who formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)? From what profession were its members? (p. 791)  MLK, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy  Ministry

7 Section 2- The Movement Gains Ground

8  10)Where did the first sit-in take place? (p. 793)  Greensboro, N.C.  11)Ella Baker started a new activist group for students at _____________________________________________. What was it called? (p. 794)  Shaw University in Durham, NC  Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)  12)What was the goal of the freedom rides? (p. 795) Did they accomplish this goal? (p. 796)  End segregation of bus terminals in the South  Not immediately; however, the federal government did become involved in the civil rights movement (President Kennedy)

9  13)What did James Meredith contribute to the civil rights movement? (p. 796)  Wanted to enroll in all-white University of Mississippi  Won a federal court case ordering the school to desegregate  Became the first African-American to graduate from Ole Miss.  14)Why did the major civil rights groups organize the March on Washington? (p. 798) What was the ‘highlight’ of the rally?  To pressure Congress to pass a new civil rights bill;  Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech

10  15)What happened in Birmingham, Alabama following the March on Washington?  A bomb went off in a former SCLC headquarters, killing 4 young girls.  16)Lyndon Johnson was able to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in memory of ___________________________________________. What did it establish? (p. 800)  John F. Kennedy;  Banned segregation in public accommodations; gave federal government power to desegregate schools; outlawed discrimination in employment.

11 Section 3- New Successes and Challenges

12  17)What was the goal of Freedom Summer, organized by SNCC? (p. 804)  Registering African-Americans to vote in Mississippi  18)What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminate? The 24th amendment? (p. 806)  Literacy tests (VRA 1965)  Poll tax (24 th )  19)What did the Kerner Commission determine about the riots that broke out around the country? (p. 808)  Long-term racial discrimination stood as the single most important cause of violence.

13  20)What movement did each of the following individuals represent? What were their goals? (pp. 808-811)  a.Malcolm X: Nation of Islam  separation of the races; non-violence  b.Stokely Carmichael: “black power”; move away from nonviolence– turn to radical tactics.  c.Huey Newton and Bobby Seale: Black Panthers; young, African-American militancy


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