1. Past Participles as Adjectives

2. Past Participle in Spanish
Many adjectives in Spanish are actually PAST PARTICIPLES of verbs.
To form the past participle of a verb in Spanish, you add -ado to the stem of -ar verbs and -ido to the stem of most -er/-ir verbs.
decorar
conocer
preferir
decorado
conocido
preferido

3. How the past participle is formed
For -ar verbs:
Start with the infinitive . . .
remove the verb ending . . .
and add ado.
cerr
ado ar
For -er and -ir verbs:
Start with the infinitive . . .
remove the verb ending . . .
and add ido.
vend er
ido
recib
ido ir

4. How the past participle is formed
4/26/2017
How the past participle is formed
The past participle is used in Spanish and English as an adjective or as part of the perfect tenses. In English, it is usually the -ed or -en form of the verb.
tomar
comer
vivir
tomado (taken)
comido (eaten)
vivido (lived)
An accent mark is used when a past participle has the combination of vowels ai, ei, or oi.
creer
creído
believed
oír
oído
heard
leer
leído
read
traer
traído
brought

5. Past Participles as Adjectives
Some verbs have irregular past participles.
Memorize this acronym:
REVV MAC PHDD

6. Romper Escribir Ver Volver Morir Abrir Cubrir Poner Hacer Decir
R roto E escrito V visto V vuelto M muerto A abierto C cubierto P puesto H hecho D dicho D devuelto
Romper
Escribir
Ver
Volver
Morir
Abrir
Cubrir
Poner
Hacer
Decir
Devolver

7. Practicamos. Cumple los espacios con el participio pasado correcto.
1. La mesa está ________ (cubrir) de papeles en la pintura.
2. Mi paleta para la pinta está _____(romper).
3. En las meninas hay una puerta que está ______ (abrir).

8. Past Participle in Spanish
Remember you have just formed the “Past Participle”. Nothing else!
Por ejemplo:
Colorar = colorado = colored
It’s an adjective. Not a sentence!

9. So what do you think we are going to do to make our “Past Participles” into sentences?
Use “Estar”!
The article is published.
Spanish: El artículo está publicado.

10. Estar + Past Participle
The past participle is frequently used with estar to describe CONDITIONS that are the result of a previous action.
In those cases, the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number.
El pintor está sentado.
Las paredes estaban pintadas.

11. Estar + Past Participle
We can put “Estar” in any verb tense depending on when the condidition occurred.
La fiesta está decorada.
The party is decorated.
La fiesta estaba decorada.
The party was decorted.

12. Past Participles as Adjectives
When the past participle is used as an adjective, be sure the ending agrees in number and gender with the noun it describes.
El horno está arreglado.
The oven is fixed (repaired).
Las tapas están pedidas.
The appetizers are ordered.