1. Social Relations: Altruism Chapter 16, Lecture 6 “Social traps challenge us to find ways of reconciling our right to pursue our personal well-being with our responsibility for the well- being of all.” - David Myers

2. An unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Altruism

3. Bystander Intervention The decision-making process for bystander intervention.

4. Bystander Effect Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

5. Bystander Effect Research shows that we are most likely to help when: the person appears to need and deserve help. the person is in some way similar to us. we have just observed someone else being helpful. we are not in a hurry. we are in a small town or rural area. we are feeling guilty. we are focused on others and not preoccupied. we are in a good mood.

6. Norms for Helping Social Exchange Theory – the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Reciprocity Norm – an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. Social-Responsibility Norm – an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.

7. Conflict Conflict is perceived as an incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. The elements of conflict are the same at all levels. People become deeply involved in potentially destructive social processes that have undesirable effects.

8. Conflict Social traps are situations in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. To illustrate, let’s play the “Missiles Game”

9. Enemy Perceptions People in conflict form diabolical images (mirror-image perceptions) of one another. George Bush “Evil” Saddam Hussein “Wicked Pharaoh” http://www.cnn.com http://www.aftonbladet.se

10. Superordinate Goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. Cooperation Communication and understanding developed through talking to one another. Sometimes it is mediated by a third party. Syracuse Newspapers/ The Image Works

11. Graduated & Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction (GRIT): This is a strategy designed to decrease international tensions. One side recognizes mutual interests and initiates a small conciliatory act that opens the door for reciprocation by the other party. Communication

12. “…civilization advances not by cultural isolation – maintaining walls around ethnic enclaves – but by tapping the knowledge, the skills, and the arts that are each culture’s legacy to the whole human race.” - David Myers Homework CT Questions – Social Relations (10 pts)