1. 10.1 Nationalism in Germany Early 1800’s Germans lived in many States After Napoleon- Increase in nationalism Calls for one state Economic union- Zollverein Prussia- unifying state Bismarck- Chancellor Realpolitik Increased military Annexation of German areas Franco –Prussian War Other German states joined confederation William I – Kaiser 1871 Second Reich Constitution Created

2. 10.3 Italy Separate countries - controlled by other states Leading figures in unification Mazzini Risorgimento Cavour Victor Emmanuel Garibaldi Tensions within nation North and South Italy and the Church Conservatives and Socialists Anarchists Emigration

3. 10.4 Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire Austria Hungary Hapsburgs- Reactionary Multinational German speaking Austrians Slavs Czechs Slovaks Poles Ukrainians Serbs Croats Slovenes Hungarians Italians Nationalist unrest Attempted reforms Duel Monarchy Francis Joseph Ottoman Empire Balkan unrest Serbs Greeks Attacks from other powers Balkan Powder Keg

4. 14.1 World War I 1914-1918 Underlying Causes of the War Alliances Triple Alliance Germany Italy Austria Hungary Triple Entente France Britain Russia Nationalism Balkans Slavs Alsace Lorraine Militarism Imperialism Immediate Cause Gavrilo Princip Assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria attacks Serbia Others join in Austria Serbia Russia Germany France Britain Italy Ottoman Empire United States Italy Allies Central Powers

5. 20.1 Ethnic and religious conflicts Sri Lanka- Sinhalese/Tamil Canada- Quebec separatists Northern Ireland IRA Good Friday Agreement Russia - Chechnya Yugoslavia Serbia Bosnia Ethnic Cleansing Kosovo NATO Milosevic